Evaluation of Forecast Performance of an Economical Explicit Time Integration Scheme in a Limited Area Model over Indian Region

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产生有限差分合成地震图的最佳震源时间函数

震源时间函数在产生有限差分合成地震图中起着十分重要的作用。鉴于此, 我们考虑了5种不同的时间函数的振幅谱。结果表明, 当时间函数的高频信号比主信号携带更多的能量时, 伴随着主信号成分将出现我们所不希望的拖尾现象。本文说明, 在所考虑的几种用于产生有限差分合成地震图的震源时间函数中, 形如f(t)=te-2的时间函数是最佳的。由具有一个覆盖层的半无限空间弹性地球模型, 来产生有限差分合成地震图证实了这个结论。      

日本岛弧增生及其对太古宙绿岩成因的意义

西太平洋现代日本本土（本州岛弧）与Ｉｚｕ－Ｂｏｎｉｎ岛弧之间的弧－弧碰撞带（被称为Ｉｚｕ碰撞带或ＩＣＺ），为许多太古宙绿岩带的发展演化提供了一个非常适用的运动学模式。ＩＣＺ中地壳的成分组合、热结构和构造样式与许多太古宙绿岩带的非常相似，它们都是具有高热流值的、厚的、较年轻的片状岛弧地壳与另一个地壳块体的碰撞产物。ＩＣＺ导致了地壳厚层片体的叠瓦状构造，并伴有与古老增生柱相并置的沉积物。许多太古宙绿岩带也显示出类似的地质特征。我们认为地壳的这种递增叠瓦式构造是许多太古宙会聚型边缘的普遍样式。     

天津电视塔在施工和电梯安装中的形变监测分析

天津电视塔（简称天塔）高415.2m，是超高型钢筋混疑土建筑物。它分为：塔基、塔座、塔身、塔楼和桅杆五大部分。     

巴黎大都市区商业的发展及其新近的变化

阐述了近二十年来巴黎大都市区商业所经历的巨大增长和迅速变化。     

Sensitivity of medium-range weather forecasts to the use of reference atmosphere

In this paper, the authors develop the earlier work of Chen Jiabin et al. (1986). In order to reduce spectral truncation errors, the reference atmosphere has been introduced in ECMWF model, and the spectrally-represented variables, temperature, geopotential height and orography, are replaced by their deviations from the reference atmos-phere. Two modified semi- implicit schemes have been proposed to alleviate the computational instability due to the introduction of reference atmosphere. Concerning the deviation of surface geopotential height from reference atmos-phere, an exact computational formulation has been used instead of the approximate one in the earlier work. To re-duce aliasing errors in the computations of the deviation of the surface geopotential height, a spectral fit has been used slightly to modify the original Gaussian grid-point values of orography.A series of experiments has been performed in order to assess the impact of the reference atmosphere on ECMWF medium- range forecasts at the resolution T21, T42 and T63, The results we have obtained reveal that the reference atmosphere introduced in ECMWF spectral model is generally beneficial to the mean statistical scores of 1000-200 hPa height 10-day forecasts over the globe. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is a clear improvement for T21, T42 and T63 throughout the 10-day forecast period, In the Northern Hemisphere, the impact of the reference atmos-phere on anomaly correlation is positive for resolution T21, a very slightly damaging at T42 and almost neutral at T63 in the range of day 1 to day 4. Beyond the day 4 there is a clear improvement at all resolutions.     

1986年11月20/21日夜间的气象卫星和雷达降水图解释

1.导言 1986年11月20/21日夜间,在Wales的西南到东部英吉利海峡的一条宽约200km的回波带中(图1),产生了激烈的天气,有雷暴和大雨。2330GMT左右,Swindon有一陆龙卷,0045GMT左右,Selsey有一水龙卷产生,这二个龙卷造成了范围广大的建筑物的破坏。这些是在向东穿越英格兰和Wales的加深的低气压环流(图2)内观测到的几个中尺度对流现象的例子。     

数字天气雷达监测暴雨洪水研究

从加强水资源管理和减少洪水危害来看.应用数字天气雷达定量测定大范围区域降水量,并建立降雨量对水文参量的预报方程是有应用价值的方案.统计表明,在建立预报方程时应区分不同类型降水.经过仔细标定的数字化天气雷达,在探测区内少数地面雨量计的校准下,可以30%(层状云降水)和60%(混合型降水)的精度实时监测降雨风暴并做出外推形势预报.与洪水关系密切的过程降雨总量之测量误差对不同类型降水均在±40%之内.用双线偏振等特种天气雷达系统,并考虑截流地表特性和地面蒸发等因子,则可进一步提高测量预报精度.