网箱形状在海流中变化特性的模型试验

据田内相似准则设计了一模型网箱，通过试验测量其不同装配、不同流速、不同配重下，网箱表征容积（网箱横截面的投影面积）的变化。结果表明。流速增加使网箱有效容积受到很大损失；增加配重对于改善网箱的变形是有限度的，在网箱底部加装底框可在一定程度上改善网箱的耐流性能，而作者开发的网箱耐流锚泊技术，可以在较大的流速情况下很好地改善网箱的变形，减少网箱的容积损失，提高网箱抗流性能。     

Numerical simulation and experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a modeled reef located within a current

The hydrodynamic forces and flow field of artificial reef models in steady flow were numerically investigated using the RNG k–εturbulent model.The numerical simulation results are consistent with results observed by experimental means.A comparative study indicates that the corresponding errors of forces between calculated values and values observed in the experiment vary in the range of 2.3%–11.2%and that the corresponding errors of velocities vary in the range of 1.3%–15.8%. The flow field numerical result...     

Numerical simulation and experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a modeled reef located within a current

The hydrodynamic forces and flow field of artificial reef models in steady flow were numerically investigated using the RNG k-ɛ turbulent model. The numerical simulation results are consistent with results observed by experimental means. A comparative study indicates that the corresponding errors of forces between calculated values and values observed in the experiment vary in the range of 2.3%–11.2% and that the corresponding errors of velocities vary in the range of 1.3%–15.8%. The flow field numerical results show that upstream and vortices exist when the current passes over and through the surface of the reef model. This study suggests that the numerical simulation method can be applied to predict the forces and flow field associated with artificial reefs.     

坛子网方形网目逃逸窗选择性研究

为了评价和改善坛子网的作业性能,本文在网囊前端安装由方形网目网片(网目尺寸分别为35、40、45和50mm)和刚性框架(长80cm,宽60cm)所组成的方形网目逃逸窗装置来释放幼鱼,并利用套网法在海州湾海域开展海上试验。在分析渔获的基础上,运用相对重要性指数、logistic模型等分析方法,获得了坛子网渔获物种类组成、优势种和主要经济渔获物小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)的选择性曲线。研究显示,随着逃逸窗网目尺寸增大,小黄鱼、鹰爪虾的50%选择体长(L50)逐渐增大,且L50的值与逃逸窗网目尺寸呈线性关系;逃逸窗网目尺寸为35、40、45和50mm时,小黄鱼的L50分别为9.27、12.54、13.46和15.94cm,鹰爪虾的L50分别为5.31、6.35、7.73和8.66cm。根据试验结果,结合小黄鱼的最小可捕体长及鹰爪虾第一次性成熟体长,推算小黄鱼和鹰爪虾坛子网方形网目逃逸窗网目尺寸分别为47.7和36.3mm。研究结果可为我国海州湾海区渔具管理以及渔业资源的可持续发展与管理提供技术依据。     

"偏滩法"在中小型渔船修理上的应用

国内小型木质渔船(几十kW)常见利用潮差将船舶搁置在浅滩上对水线下部分进行必要的修理,而中型渔船(441kW-735kW)极少见利用潮差对船舶水线下部分进行修理.本文介绍在西非塞拉里昂的中国水产集团公司塞拉里昂代表处利用当地条件根据潮差对441kW-588kW渔船进行水线下的修理.     

方形网箱水平波浪力的迭加计算和实验验证

采用小直径圆柱体绕流理论和网渔具理论为基础的经验水动力计算法，分别考虑网箱框架是刚性体、网衣和绳索是柔性体的特征，结合正弦波理论对方形网箱及其构件受到的水平波浪力特性进行了分析研究，理论给出了波浪力迭加计算法，并把计算结果与小尺度的网箱水槽实验进行对比验证。结果表明，计算数值与试验数据较接近，平均误差率在15％以内。网箱水平波浪力呈周期性、不对称变化，在波浪周期小于0.72s时，主要以框架的波浪力为主，反之以网衣的为主。在波长为0.8m、周期为0.72s、水深为0.7m、波高为68.3mm情形下，计算结果显示网箱的框架尺寸和形状及其系泊、布局的选择应根据实际海况而定，网箱高度可适当增加，当设置水层下降深度相对于网箱高度比率为20％-40％，时，波浪力峰值下降相对率达68.03％-88.20％，表明可以较大程度地降低其波浪力。     

单点系泊网衣构件波浪试验研究

采用四种网箱系泊方法,设计单点系泊网衣构件水槽波浪试验。试验构件由六种网衣和框架装配而成,试验工况是规则波,周期为0．7—2．0s,波高为50—250mm。构件在水槽中作来回周期性直线运动,当试验波浪周期较小时,构件的来回运动不明显,主要以波浪运动为主,水动力峰值大体上呈周期性均匀变化;而当周期较长、波高较高时,构件在水动力的作用下产生了与波向相反的长周期漂移运动,有较大振幅的位移、速度和加速度,诱发了水动力的最大值,水动力变化呈现峰值短周期不均匀变化、最大值长周期变化和零拉力周期变化的规律。试验结果显示,与波高参数类似,随着网衣特性系数d／a的增大,网衣构件的水动力也增大,而水动力最大值长周期、零拉力周期变化规律分别是减短和增长的。在周期1．21、1．41、1．61、1．82s情况下,网衣C构件单点系泊试验水动力最大值是固定系泊计算水动力最大值平均的1．706、1．826、2．125、2．236倍,最大达3．61倍,表明单点系泊在波浪条件下构件水动力有较大的增加。     

Relationship between trawl selectivity and fish body size in a simulated population

Trawl is a main fishing gear in Chinese fishery,capturing large fish and letting small ones at large.However,long-term use of trawl would result in changes of phenotypic traits of the fish stocks,such as smaller size-at-age and earlier age-at-maturation.In this study,we simulated a fish population with size characteristics of trawl fishing and the population produces one generation of offspring and lives for one year,used trawl to exploit the simulated fish population,and captured individuals by body size.We evaluated the impact of the changes on selectivity parameters,such as selective range and the length at 50% retention.Under fishing pressure,we specified the selectivity parameters,and determined that smaller selection rates and greater length at 50% retention were associated with an increased tendency towards miniaturization.     

许氏平鲉幼鱼优势音响驯化时段的初步研究

音响驯化技术是控制鱼群和提高放流回捕率的有效方法。目前,对海水鱼类进行音响驯化时关于音响驯化时段选择的研究积累尚少。本试验研究了在7:20、10:20、13:20、16:20和19:20 5个不同驯化时段水平下,许氏平鲉幼鱼在430Hz正弦波连续音刺激下的行为反应,分别探究了在不考虑非音频刺激因素和减轻(甚至避免)非音频刺激因素对音响驯化效果干扰的前提下,许氏平鲉幼鱼的优势音响驯化时段。结果表明,无论考虑非音频刺激因素对音响驯化效果的影响与否,7:20时段都是许氏平鲉幼鱼的优势音响驯化时段。     

A new algorithm for estimating gillnet selectivity

The estimation of gear selectivity is a critical issue in fishery stock assessment and management.Several methods have been developed for estimating gillnet selectivity,but they all have their limitations,such as inappropriate objective function in data fitting,lack of unique estimates due to the difficulty in finding global minima in minimization,biased estimates due to outliers,and estimations of selectivity being influenced by the predetermined selectivity functions.In this study,we develop a new algorithm that can overcome the above-mentioned problems in estimating the gillnet selectivity.The proposed algorithms include minimizing the sum of squared vertical distances between two adjacent points and minimizing the weighted sum of squared vertical distances between two adjacent points in the presence of outliers.According to the estimated gillnet selectivity curve,the selectivity function can also be determined.This study suggests that the proposed algorithm is not sensitive to outliers in selectivity data and improves on the previous methods in estimating gillnet selectivity and relative population density of fish when a gillnet is used as a sampling tool.We suggest the proposed approach be used in estimating gillnet selectivity.