贵州省地下水优势及开发对策

本文分析了贵州岩溶水资源在解决工程型缺水问题中的优势、存在的主要问题,提出了解决问题的对策建议。     

国外钻探用超硬材料的研究进展

国外自美国GE公司于七十年代首次合成聚晶金刚石复合片以来，聚晶金刚石及复合片的研制工艺水平又有了很大程度的提高，复合片品种形式增加了许多。本文将介绍美国、瑞典、英国、日本和苏联等国家的五种聚晶金刚石和十一种聚晶金刚石复合片及切削具的制造方法。一、五种聚晶金刚石1．硅合金浸渍的聚晶金刚石这种聚晶金刚石由美国Sii Megadiamond Inc，于1985年7月研制成功。它使用硅与Ⅷ族金属的混合粉末形式与已去掉触媒金属的聚晶金刚石一起放入六面顶或两面顶压机中制造而成。含硅混合物在高温高压     

Effect of non-Gaussian properties of the sea surface on the low-incidence radar backscatter and its inversion in terms of wave spectra by an ocean wave spectrometer

The principle of ocean wave spectrometers was first presented several decades ago to detect the directional wave spectrum with real-aperture radar(Jackson,1981). To invert wave spectra using an ocean wave spectrometer,for simplicity,the hydrodynamic forcing and wave-wave interaction effect are neglected and a Gaussian slope probability density function(pdf) is used to calculate the normalized backscattering cross-section( σ 0) of the ocean surface. However,the real sea surface is non-Gaussian. It is not known whether the non-Gaussian property of the sea surface will affect the performance of the inversion of the wave spectrum if following existing inversion steps and methods. In this paper,the pdf of the sea surface slope is expressed as a Gram-Charlier fourth-order expansion,which is quasi-Gaussian. The modulation transfer function(MTF) is derived for a non-Gaussian slope pdf. The effects of non-Gaussian properties of the sea surface slope on the inversion process and result are then studied in a simulation of the SWIM(Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring) instrument configuration to be used on the CFOSAT(China-France Oceanography Satellite) mission. The simulation results show that the mean trend of σ 0 depends on the sea slope pdf,and the peakedness and skewness coefficients of the slope pdf affect the shape of the mean trend of σ 0 versus incidence and azimuth; owing to high resolution of σ 0 in the range direction,MTF obtained using the mean trend of σ 0 is almost as accurate as that set in the direct simulation; in the inversion,if ignoring the non-Gaussian assumption,the inversion performances for the wave spectrum decrease,as seen for an increase in the energy error of the inverted wave slope spectrum. However,the peak wavelength and wave direction are the same for inversions that consider and ignore the non-Gaussian property.     

仪器分析数据处理接口程序

利用EXCEL应用程序中的宏语言（VBA），时北京普析通用TAS-986G型原子吸收分光光度计的测试数据进行后期处理，输出原始记录报告，并为质量审核提供数据。     

中国煤中的硒

自然煤中硒的含量很低,对我国1315个煤样的分析资料统计,多数煤中硒含量在0.01～11mg/kg,平均约为2mg/kg。硒在煤中的赋存方式较为多样:黄铁矿是硒的重要载体;方铅矿、硒铅矿等含硒矿物亦可出现于煤中;硒还可以被粘土矿物吸附或与煤中有机物缔合。俗称“石煤”的晚古生代炭质泥岩中硒含量较高,利用不当则给人体健康带来危害。     

中国煤中的氯

在煤中诸多微量元素中,氯的含量是比较高的一种元素。全国280个样品分析数据的统计,多数煤中含氯量处于50～500mg/kg,平均约220mg/kg。氯在煤中的赋存状态主要为:氯离子溶于孔隙水中;呈类质同象赋存于其他多种矿物中;独立矿物。煤中氯的较高含量给煤的利用带来的问题近年来引起人们的重视。     

赤道东经90°海岭活塞柱状心钙同位素曲线特征及其古环境意义

A δ~(44) Ca curve from shells of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides sacculifer in calcareous biogenic oozes has been extracted from the Nintyeast Ridge in the Indian Ocean since 300 ka. By combining terrigenous inputs(e.g., grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and turbidite frequency) with the oceanic productivity(e.g., biogenic content and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei content), it is found that the curve's variations are closely related to the historical evolution of the oceanic calcium cycle. The δ~(44)Ca value is in lower tendency and has small oscillation during Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 6, when the supply of terrigenous detrital is highest. In contrast, during MIS 3,5 and 7, the δ~(44) Ca values are in higher tendency, and their fluctuations are consistent with the variations of the productivity proxies. These results suggest that the calcium isotopes are mainly influenced by the input of the Himalayan erosion products to the northern Indian Ocean. In addition, the developmental stages of calcareous planktons may have a secondary impact on the fluctuations of the calcium isotope ratio of sea water.     

浅谈地质调查所土壤研究室——纪念地质调查所土壤研究室成立90周年

经过对地质调查所土壤研究室的成立、取得的成果研究,阐述我国土壤研究发端、在土壤研究室存世较短时间内取得卓著业绩以及探索学科交叉研究领域,这些经历和成绩为后世留下了宝贵财富,而且,所体现的精神已成为地质文化优秀基因,激励着地质人在新时代地质事业中服务国民经济和民生发挥积极作用。     

cDNA-AFLP分析方法在中国对虾中的应用

将cDNA扩增片段长度多态性(cDNA-AFLP)分析方法在中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)中进行了应用,旨在建立1套适于中国对虾研究的cDNA-AFLP反应体系.对总RNA提取、cDNA双链合成、双酶切反应、连接反应、预扩增反应、选择性扩增反应和银染等步骤进行了优化和改进.结果表明,用EcoR Ⅰ/Mse Ⅰ双酶切、核心序列加3个选择性碱基的选择性扩增引物、1∶1摩尔比的EcoR Ⅰ端与Mse Ⅰ端选择性扩增引物比和12 μL选择性扩增体积,可得到十分稳定的结果,所得产物经电泳和银染后可获得条带清晰的图像.该方法的建立为cDNA-AFLP技术在中国对虾功能基因组研究中的应用奠定了基础.     

探针药物法评价磺胺甲基异唑、甘草和连翘对牙鲆CYP2E1活性的影响

采用探针药物法研究磺胺甲基异唑(SMZ)、甘草及连翘对牙鲆细胞色素P4502E1 (CYP2E1)活性的影响,为临床合理用药提供参考.将牙鲆随机分为4组,即对照组、SMZ组、甘草组和连翘组.依次每日口灌0.9%的生理盐水、口灌SMZ 150 mg/kg·bw、甘草30 mg/kg·bw和连翘100 mg/kg·bw.连续6 d后,第7天时4组牙鲆同时一次性腹腔注射探针药物氯唑沙宗,分别于注射给药后不同时间点采血.通过HPLC检测探针药物的血药浓度,计算药动学参数,间接评价各组对CYP2E1酶的活性影响.结果表明:氯唑沙宗在4组牙鲆体内代谢的药时曲线均符合二室模型.甘草组和连翘组氯唑沙宗的半衰期分别增加了0.311倍和0.799倍,均差异极显著(P<0.01);SMZ组与对照组差异不显著.药时曲线下面积SMZ组与对照组比较减少了0.277倍,甘草组增加了0.286倍,差异均显著(P<0.05);连翘组增加了0.865倍,差异极显著(P<0.01).总清除率(CL)SMZ组增加了38.83%,连翘组减少了46.88%,均差异极显著(P<0.01);甘草组减少了21.22%,差异显著(P<0.05).说明甘草,连翘对牙鲆CYP2E1的活性均具有明显的抑制作用,连翘的抑制作用高于甘草,SMZ对牙鲆CYP2E1的活性具有诱导作用,差异不显著.