A review of advances in lightning observations during the past decade in Guangdong,China

This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the physical processes of artificially triggered lightning and natural lightning as well as the progress in testing lightning protection technologies, based on a series of lightning field campaigns jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau since 2006. During the decade-long series of lightning field experiments, the technology of rocket-wire artificially triggered lightning has been improved, and has successfully triggered 94 lightning flashes. Through direct lightning current waveform measurements, an average return stroke peak current of 16 kA was obtained. The phenomenon that the downward leader connects to the lateral surface of the upward leader in the attachment process was discovered, and the speed of the upward leader during the connection process being significantly greater than that of the downward leader was revealed. The characteristics of several return strokes in cloud-to-ground lighting have also been unveiled, and the mechanism causing damage to lightning protection devices (i.e., ground potential rise within the rated current) was established. The performance of three lightning monitoring systems in Guangdong Province has also been quantitatively assessed.     

鲁迈拉定向井钻井设计优化与应用

为了降低定向井摩阻扭矩,提高钻井速度,针对地质特点和钻井难点,建立了井眼轨道和岩石可钻性回归计算模型。通过五段制轨道剖面的优化,最优井眼曲率为（2.85°～3°）/30 m、最大井斜角为30°;技术套管下至Sadi层8～15 m,确保了S型定向井安全钻进,裸眼内摩阻系数由0.52降至0.35,套管内摩阻系数由0.35降至0.28;Rus软硬夹层优选试验KM533复合钻头,解决了常规PDC钻头磨损快、牙轮钻头机械钻速低的问题。通过上述3项技术的研究与应用,鲁迈拉S型定向井实际顶驱扭矩降低30%以上,钻头使用数量降低2.7只,钻井周期缩短18.58 d。     

大南湖凹陷西山窑组层间氧化带砂岩岩石化学特征

本文主要利用砂岩样品 (岩心 )的鉴定资料和分析测试数据 ,对区内层间氧化带岩石化学特征作初步研究。根据砂岩的物质组分 ,结合分选性及磨圆度等结构特征 ,与蚀源区物质构成进行对比 ,认为本区沉积物主要来自北部的南湖隆起 ,其次为南部的觉罗塔格山。通过对砂岩结构构造及填隙物含量、胶结类型的研究发现 ,砂岩的孔隙度、渗透率与体重关系密切 ,且与胶结物中碳酸盐含量高低及次生矿物种类、含量有关。统计了与水成铀成矿关系密切的C有 、CO2 、Fe、S、U、Th及伴生元素的含量 ,发现本区氧化带砂岩中这些元素含量比还原带低 ,而Fe3 /Fe2 比值氧化带比还原带高。根据可地浸砂岩型铀矿的成矿条件 ,区内砂岩的有机质含量较高 ,碳酸盐含量中等 ,有部分地段或层位碳酸盐含量较低 ,Fe、S、U、Th及伴生元素的氧化、溶解、迁移、沉淀和富集符合水成铀矿的变化规律。     

2011年5月2-3日防城港市暴雨过程分析

对2011年5月2～3日防城港市出现的大范围暴雨过程,此次降水持续时间较短,强度较大,范围较广;笔者利用micap8常规资料及雷达回波资料,对暴雨形成的天气形势、影响系统及物理量场等诊断分析.结果表明:切变线和辐合区的存在是提供动力抬升的有利条件,西南急流及水汽通量辐合提供了有利的水汽条件;暴雨发生前的不稳定能量条件较...     

张北6.2级地震的孕育过程和前兆特征研究

张北地震发生在通常认为稳定的、浅部构造不明显,历史上地震活动微弱的地区,但是根据小震活动条带推测可能在一条ＮＷ走向的深部断裂。张北地震的孕育可能与区域断层的长期活动,中小地震持续活跃以及外围强震的增震作用有关。震前存在地震活动空段、４级地震条带、区域小震群活跃以及平静－收缩－信号震－外围活动增强等特征。有比较丰富的中长趋势异常,持续时间长达３年以上,而短临异常并不突出。对张北地震异常进行信度综合分     

南海碳酸盐溶解与深海沉积物类型

根据南海深海沉积物中CaCO_3含量和浮游有孔虫溶解指数的变化,推测南海碳酸盐溶跃层和补偿深度分别为3000m和4000m。结合各种钙质浮游生物壳的被溶蚀现象说明碳酸盐溶解的特征并讨论其主要的影响因素。并认为碳酸盐溶解作用是影响南海深海沉积物类型分布的主要因素,因而提出南海深海沉积物的类型及分析其分布格局。     

Grouping occurrences being the fundamental feature of the strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland

ＧｒｏｕｐｉｎｇｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅｓｂｅｉｎｇｔｈｅｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｍａｉｎｌａｎｄＱｉｎ－ＺｕＬＩ（李钦祖）；Ｌｉ－ＭｉｎＹＵ（于利民）；Ｊｉ－ＹｉＷＡＮＧ（王吉易...     

Dynamic subduction process of local plate revealed by Ibaraki earthquake sequence of 1982 in Japan

IntroductionIt has been brought forward in the plate tectonic theory that the global lithosphere consists of a number of active blocks floating above the asthenosphere since 1960s. And from then on, the kinematics and dynamics of lithosphere have been the frontal subjects in the contemporary geoscientific study. The Pacific Plate is the biggest one covering one fourth of the earth surface. Situated in the Eurasia Plate, our country is affected directly by the compression from the Pacific Pl…     

陕西凤太矿集区柴蚂金矿床脉状闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素测年及意义

柴蚂金矿床位于陕西省凤太矿集区西北部八卦庙超大型金矿床的西侧约0.5km处,二者在成矿地质背景和控矿条件等方面均相似。该矿床共划分出5个含矿带,其产出位置受地层和构造联合控制。本次工作对柴蚂金矿床中发育的脉状闪锌矿进行了Rb-Sr同位素测年研究,获得了等时线年龄为（210.8±2.4）Ma,即晚三叠世;闪锌矿的87Sr/86Sri值为0.710 55±0.000 11,指示铅锌矿化的成矿物质可能主要来源于大陆壳。结合前人的研究成果分析认为,凤太矿集区内的铅锌矿化和金矿化是在秦岭造山带印支期碰撞-后碰撞过程中同一时代同一成矿作用的产物。     

汉诺坝麻粒岩捕虏体锆石U-Pb 分析初步结果及讨论

本文报道了汉诺坝玄武岩中麻粒岩捕虏体的锆石 U-Pb 初步分析结果，并讨论了其成因的两种可能性。