基于三大全球集合预报系统对内蒙古降水预报能力评估

利用ECMWF、NCEP和CMC中心的1~3天7种降水集合预报产品,同时结合内蒙古119个气象站同期降水观测资料,对降水预报效果基于晴雨、降水等级划分(包括小雨、中雨、大雨以及暴雨)确定性TS评分以及空间分布特点进行了归纳总结,评估了三大全球集合预报系统在内蒙古地区的降水预报能力,为进一步开发模式预报及应用提供技术支撑。研究结果表明,ECMWF集合预报产品对内蒙古降水预报能力明显优于NEPC和CMC中心的产品。ECMWF集合预报产品24h时效下的晴雨及小雨、中雨、大雨以及暴雨预报都具有良好的预报能力,但是随着预报时效的延长至48h、72h,ECMWF集合预报产品预报能力明显降低,预报能力与NCEP和CMC中心的产品接近。24h的ECMWF集合预报产品在呼伦贝尔市、兴安盟、锡林郭勒盟、巴彦淖尔市西部、阿拉善盟地区预报效果明显较好,三大集合预报系统对内蒙古东部地区的预报能力总体偏高。      

南海海面温度与Ni(n)o/DMI指数年际变异的相关性分析

利用NCEP的Reynolds最优插值海面温度产品(1981年12月-2004年10月),对南海海表温度场的年际变化与热带太平洋El Ni(n)o指数(Ni(n)o1 2, Ni(n)o3.4, Ni(n)o5和Ni(n)o6指数)以及印度洋的偶极子指数(DMI)进行相关性分析.研究表明南海海面温度(SST)的变异与Ni(n)o1 2指数的变异相关性较强,南海海表温度场平均滞后Ni(n)o1 2指数4.77个月时,二者相关达到最大,平均为0.60; Ni(n)o3.4指数次之,南海海洋表层温度距平(SSTA)平均滞后Ni(n)o3.4指数6.67个月时,二者相关系数最大,平均为0.49.南海海表温度场对应的伴随形态进一步表明,南海随Ni(n)o1 2, Ni(n)o3.4指数出现正异常并有增暖现象,其中南海SST异常随Ni(n)o1 2指数变化的强度更大.并且几乎整个南海区域均超过95%的置信水平,当Ni(n)o1 2达到1个标准差(即异常增暖1.04 ℃),南海平均增暖幅度为0.16 ℃,越南东南外海和南海16°N以北区域SSTA增幅最大为0.20 ℃.表征西北太平洋海表温度场的Ni(n)o5和Ni(n)o6指数对ENSO现象的响应与南海表层温度场线性相关性不显著.研究还表明,南海海表温度场的年际变化与印度洋偶极子指数(DMI)的相关性不强,相关性仅体现在南海的卡里曼丹岛西南角的局部海域.     

Forecasts of South China Sea surface temperature anomalies using the Nio indices and dipole mode index as predictors

Based on an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the monthly NCEP Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) data in the South China Sea (SCS) after removing the climatological mean and trends of SST,over the period of January 1982 to October 2003,the corresponding TCF correlates best with the Dipole Mode Index (DMI),Nio1+2,Nio3.4,Nio3,and Nio4 indices with time lags of 10,3,6,5,and 6 months,respectively.Thus,a statistical hindcasts in the prediction model are based on a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) model using the above indices as predictors spanning from 1993/1994 to 2003/2004 with a 1-12 month lead time after the canonical variants are calculated,using data from the training periods from January 1982 to December1992.The forecast model is successful and steady when the lead times are 1-12 months.The SCS warm event in 1998 was successfully predicted with lead times from 1-12 months irrespective of the strength or time extent.The prediction ability for SSTA is lower during weak ENSO years,in which other local factors should be also considered as local effects play a relatively important role in these years.We designed the two forecast models:one using both DMI and Nio indices and the other using only Nio indices without DMI,and compared the forecast accuracies of the two cases.The spatial distributions of forecast accuracies show different confidence areas.By turning off the DMI,the forecast accuracy is lower in the coastal areas off the Philippines in the SCS,suggesting some teleconnection may occur with the Indian Ocean in this area.The highest forecast accuracies occur when the forecast interval is five months long without using the DMI,while using both of Nio indices and DMI,the highest accuracies occur when the forecast interval time is eight months,suggesting that the Nio indices dominate the interannual variability of SST anomalies in the SCS.Meanwhile the forecast accuracy is evaluated over an independent test period of more than 11 years (1993/94 to October 2004) by comparing the model performance with a simple prediction strategy involving the persistence of sea surface temperature anomalies over a 1-12 month lead time (the persisted prediction).Predictions based on the CCA model show a significant improvement over the persisted prediction,especially with an increased lead time (longer than 3 months).The forecast model performs steadily and the forecast accuracy,i.e.,the correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted SSTA in the SCS are about 0.5 in most middle and southern SCS areas,when the thresholds are greater than the 95% confidence level.For all 1 to 12 month lead time forecasts,the root mean square errors have a standard deviation of about 0.2.The seasonal differences in the prediction performance for the 1-12 month lead time are also examined.     

锗矿石和铟矿石化学成分分析标准物质研制

目前国内外没有以稀散元素锗、铟为特征元素的矿石标准物质,为了满足我国地质找矿的需求,本文采集广东省韶关凡口铅锌矿作为锗矿石候选物,广西南丹铜坑铅锌矿作为铟矿石候选物,依据国家一级标准物质技术规范,由10家实验室采用化学分析方法和现代仪器分析方法协作定值,研制了1种锗矿石标准物质(GBW07831)和1种铟矿石标准物质(GBW07833)。锗矿石标准物质定值组分为45项,铟矿石标准物质定值组分为47项,包括特征元素、共存元素、稀土元素(15项)、造岩元素和痕量元素,其中锗矿石中锗含量为21.6×10-6,铟矿石中铟含量为39.7×10-6。研制的2种标准物质丰富了我国矿石标准物质的种类,可用于锗、铟矿石化学成分分析测试的量值标准和日常质量监控。     

土壤和沉积物中22种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯的气相色谱分析

近年来地下水、土壤和沉积物等介质中有机氯农药和多氯联苯分析方法的改善主要集中在样品前处理和分析测试条件等方面,而探讨布点、采样等方面的整套方法较少。本文建立了一套适用性较广的气相色谱法同时测定土壤和沉积物中22种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯,方法检出限为0.09~0.48 ng/g,平均空白回收率为58.7%~133.7%。针对布点、采样、运输、保存、提取、净化、浓缩、仪器测试、数据处理和提交报告整个过程阐述了方法的有效性和实用性;并对提取、净化、测试等多个环节提供了两种或更多的选择,使方法具有更大的灵活性。本文提出,布点前应根据踏勘样品和前人资料考虑采集不同深度的样品;样品的布点、采集和制备均需选择样品,它们共同决定了样品的代表性;分析方法要灵活运用,对于很少检出的目标化合物可采用允许共峰但分析快速的方法,如果有检出再采用针对性的方法分别测定;样品的测定序列不应为了节约分析成本而过于简单。     

黄河口及其邻近海域水深和岸线变化对M2分潮影响的数值研究

黄河口及其邻近海域水深和岸线的演化显著地影响着该海区的潮波系统。本研究收集到了1972年及2002年水深及岸线数据。在此基础上,基于ROMS模式建立了渤海海域潮波数值模式,模式采用正交曲线坐标,在黄河口及其邻近海域水平分辨率优于500m,其它海域水平分辨率优于2km。模式首先模拟了2002年M2分潮潮波状况,并利用实测资料进行了检验,在此基础上进一步模拟了1972年M2分潮潮波状况。对比分析表明1972—2002年黄河口外M2分潮无潮点向东北方向迁移约30km;期间莱州湾西侧M2分潮振幅明显增强;莱州湾M2分潮迟角呈现由前进波向退化的旋转潮波系统转变的趋势。     

南海海面温度与Nio/DMI指数年际变异的相关性分析

利用NCEP的Reynolds最优插值海面温度产品(1981年12月-2004年10月),对南海海表温度场的年际变化与热带太平洋El Ni~no指数(Ni~no1 2,Ni~no3.4,Ni~no5和Ni~no6指数)以及印度洋的偶极子指数(DMI)进行相关性分析。研究表明南海海面温度(SST)的变异与Ni~no1 2指数的变异相关性较强,南海海表温度场平均滞后Ni~no1 2指数4.77个月时,二者相关达到最大,平均为0.60;Ni~no3.4指数次之,南海海洋表层温度距平(SSTA)平均滞后Ni~no3.4指数6.67个月时,二者相关系数最大,平均为0.49。南海海表温度场对应的伴随形态进一步表明,南海随Ni~no1 2,Ni~no3.4指数出现正异常并有增暖现象,其中南海SST异常随Ni~no1 2指数变化的强度更大。并且几乎整个南海区域均超过95%的置信水平,当Ni~no1 2达到1个标准差(即异常增暖1.04℃),南海平均增暖幅度为0.16℃,越南东南外海和南海16°N以北区域SSTA增幅最大为0.20℃。表征西北太平洋海表温度场的Ni~no5和Ni~no6指数对ENSO现象的响应与南海表层温度场线性相关性不显著。研究还表明,南海海表温度场的年际变化与印度洋偶极子指数(DMI)的相关性不强,相关性仅体现在南海的卡里曼丹岛西南角的局部海域。     

Onshore warm tongue and offshore cold tongue in the western Yellow Sea in winter: the evidence

A winter onshore warm tongue extending from the Yellow Sea Warm Current to the southern Jiangsu coast, and an of fshore cold tongue extending from the southern Jiangsu coast to the southwest of Jeju Island(South Korea), are newly identified based on the sea-surface temperature from satellite remote sensing, and further confirmed by the distribution of suspended sediments. In addition, there are two obvious thermal fronts associated with the onshore warm tongue and off shore cold tongue. The narrow gap between the two thermal fronts is supposed to be the pathway for the off shore transport of cold coastal water and suspended sediments. The concurrence of onshore warm and of fshore cold tongues suggests the concurrence of onshore and off shore currents in the western Yellow Sea in winter, which seems to be inconsistent with the previously accepted view that, in winter, the Yellow Sea Coastal Current flows from the Old Huanghe Delta to the southwest of Jeju Island. This distinctive phenomenon helps establish an updated view of the circulation in the western Yellow Sea in winter.     

凉城县甜菜生育期气象条件分析

利用凉城县1970-2000年的气象资料,结合甜菜生育期间对气候条件的要求,阐述了凉城县甜菜生长发育期间的气候环境,结果表明:凉城县的气候条件非常适宜甜菜的生长发育,并提出干旱是发展甜菜生产的不利因素,及提高气候资源利用率和产量的措施.     

岱海湿地生态环境变化的气候影响分析

文章针对岱海湖水恶化、湖盆萎缩,流域水土流失严重,湿地面积锐减、功能退化等生态环境问题,着重在气候条件方面对岱海湿地变化产生的一些可能影响作了详细分析与说明,并提出相应防治对策。