Research on EPS application to very wide highway embankments in permafrost regions

In order to maintain the thermal stability of very wide highway embankments in permafrost regions, the thermal isolation material EPS is often utilized. To examine the effects of this insulation on the China National Highway (G214), two-dimensional finite element analysis of temperature fields was conducted for varying widths of highway embankments with and without EPS insulation. The numerical results show that in permafrost regions the effect of thermal aggregation on asphalt pavement is more obvious when highway embankments are wider, and, specifically for the G214 highway, the insulation should be more than 25 cm thick for 24-m-wide embankments. However, considering other factors such as the structural rationality of the embankments and high engineering costs, it might not be feasible to install EPS insulation in 24-m-wide embankments of the G214 highway when the height of the embankments is less than 3.65 m.     

扬子克拉通核部中元古代-古生代沉积地层Nd同位素演化特征及其地质意义

扬子克拉通陆核位于湖北西部宜昌和神农架地区,区内出露了前寒武纪早期结晶基底和较完整的元古宙-显生宙沉积盖层.论文报道了对区域内中元古代至早古生代沉积地层细粒沉积岩开展系统的Nd同位素地球化学研究的结果.从中元古代晚期经新元古代南华纪至古生代奥陶纪,研究区沉积地层的Nd同位素模式年龄显示了由2.5~2.8Ga,经1.5~1.7至1.8~2.1Ga的＂V＂字型演化,相应的εNd（t）值发生了由低（？11~？14）经峰值（？1.1~？5.3）至新低值（？7.9~？9.9）的变化.该演化趋势与前人发表的扬子克拉通东南缘和江南造山带同期沉积地层的演化特征相似,指示了约0.8Ga的新元古代或稍早时期,整个华南陆块发生了有地幔物质加入的大规模构造岩浆事件.然而,扬子陆核区中元古代早期地层具有大范围变化的模式年龄（约1.5~2.7Ga）和εNd（t）值（1.38~？12.0）,且中元古代晚期地层为太古宙模式年龄,指示扬子克拉通的核部和东南缘中元古代盆地具有不同的沉积物源,两区域之间应存在陆内裂（凹）陷或分隔的大洋.此外,新元古代扬子陆块和江南造山带相似的演化形式和古生代早期地层相近的模式年龄,指示经约0.9Ga的扬子-华夏陆块拼合后,华南陆块开始具有了共同的沉积盆地和物源.因此,扬子克拉通于前新元古代可能由次一级的不同陆块组成,直至Rodinia超大陆的聚合过程才导致了原始华南陆块的形成.     

Discovery of the Natural Deformation Vestige of Gaixia Remains,Guzhen County,Anhui Province,China and Its Implications

Recognition of natural deformation during the excavation of ancient remains and tombs is important for tracing or enriching historic and prehistoric deformation records. Recently, the earthquake agencies,in cooperation with the cultural relics and archaeological institutions, conducted a special excavation investigation to the Gaixia remains archaeological scene in Guzhen,Anhui Province. Faults and fissures were discovered there, which,as demonstrated by the preliminary study,are the traces of two stratum d...     

A Method of Initial Vortex Relocation and Numerical Simulation Experiments on Tropical Cyclone Track

Using the technique of smooth filtering and cylindrical filtering, the initial vortex circulation and large-scale environmental field were separated from the background field. Then the separated initial vortex circulation was translated and reinserted in the location where it was observed. This led to the determination of a method of initial vortex relocation. For seven tropical cyclones at 23 points of measurement time in the years of 2006 and 2007, two schemes, either directly adding a tropical cyclone bogus model in the background or adding it after the relocation of the initial vortex in the background field, were employed. Simulation experiments were compared. The results showed that the mean errors of the simulated tropical cyclone tracks at 24 and 48 hours were both smaller with the scheme of adding tropical cyclone bogus model after the relocation of the initial vortex in the background field. The relocation method of the initial vortex decreases the error caused by the deviation of the initial tropical cyclone location in tropical cyclone models. The relocation method is conducive to improving the track forecast of tropical cyclone models and has a good perspective for operational application.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000320

The self-similar is a common phenomena arising in the field of geology.It has been shown that geochemical element data,mineral deposits,and spacial distribution conform to a fractal structure.A fractal distribution requires that the number of objects larger than a specified size have a power-law dependence on size.This paper shows that a number of distributions,including power-function,Pareto, lognormal,and Zipf,display fractal properties under certain conditions and that this may be used as the mathemat...     

采用预报涡旋的初始化方案对2015年台风“莲花”、“灿鸿”的试验研究

提出了一种采用预报涡旋的初始化方案,用预报涡旋代替bogus模型参与构建模式初始场,采用权重形式合成预报涡旋和分析涡旋获取台风初始涡旋。针对2015年“莲花”和“灿鸿”台风,基于该初始化方案设计了一系列对比试验进行数值模拟,并对结果进行分析。结果表明:(1)该方案得到的台风初始涡旋结构比bogus模型合理;(2)预报涡旋权重不宜取太大;(3)从长时效预报效果看,采用24 h内预报涡旋比采用长时效预报涡旋台风的路径和强度误差减小;(4)采用同一权重方案对“莲花”、“灿鸿”预报的改进效果不同,其原因与预报涡旋和分析涡旋的协调程度有关。多台风情形下可在初步评估的基础上采用不同时效的预报涡旋和不同权重方案。      

INVESTIGATION ON EFFECTS OF INITIAL SCHEMES FOR BINARY TYPHOONS ROKE AND SONCA IN 2011

Based on the Tropical Region Atmospheric Modeling System for South China Sea (TRAMS), Typhoon Roke (1115) and Sonca (1116) in 2011 which have large forecast errors in numerical operation prediction, have been selected for research focusing on the initial scheme and its influence on forecast. The purpose is to find a clue for model improvement and enhance the performance of the typhoon model. Several initialization schemes have been designed and the corresponding experiments have been done for Typhoon Roke and Sonca. The results show that the forecast error of both typhoons’ track and intensity are less using the initial scheme of relocation and bogus just for the weak Typhoon Sonca, compared with using the scheme for both typhoons. By analysis the influence of the scheme on weak typhoon vortex circulation may be the reason that leads to the improvement. All weak typhoons in 2011 to 2012 are selected for tests. It comes to the conclusion that the initial scheme of relocation and bogus can reduce the error of track and intensity forecast. Besides, the height of cloud top in typhoon vortex constructed by bogus is too high according to weak typhoon. It is feasible to develop a bogus which is suitable for weak typhoon.     

华南地区中尺度模式预报的初值影响分析

基于GRAPES 3D-Vat同化系统，介绍了根据静力平衡关系由高度场的增量来计算温度场的增量的方法，并结合常规探空资料同化，针对影响华南地区的一次冷空气过程的个例，分析了常规观测资料对初始场的影响。采用GRAPES区域中尺度模式进行了控制试验和同化试验，观测资料的检验表明，资料同化对GRAPES中尺度模式预报有正面影响，初始时刻预报敏感性较大并且变化较快，靠近地面的低层预报敏感性较为复杂，常规探空资料对高层大气预报能力的提高相对于中低层较小。     

雷达反演水汽在华南前汛期短时临近降水预报应用试验

为了改善数值预报模式短时临近降水预报能力,采用雷达水汽反演同化方案来提高模式初始水汽场质量。以华南精细预报模式对2013年5月进行了冷启动、热启动和热启动加雷达水汽同化等3个对比试验,并进一步详细分析2013年5月8—9日广东西南部到珠三角地区强降雨过程,探讨雷达反演水汽对短时临近降水预报的影响作用。分析结果显示3个试验结果反映精细模式冷启动不利于1~6 h的降水预报,模式热启动能较好预报前6 h的降水,但对随后预报效果不佳。在热启动的基础上,考虑同化雷达反演的水汽后,不仅较好模拟前6 h的降水,也可以预报出6~12 h的降雨带变化趋势。     

Ionospheric electromagnetic perturbations observed on DEMETER satellite before Chile M7.9 earthquake

Based on the ionospheric electromagnetic data observed on DEMETER satellite of France, the ionospheric electromagnetic signals were analyzed within 10 days before Chile M7.9 earthquake on November 14, 2007. It is found that, low frequency electromagnetic disturbances began to increase in a large scale of latitude, and reached to a maximum one week prior to the earthquake, and at about three days before the quake, the peak values shifted to lower latitude. Taking three days as a group, spatial images of a fe...