浮桥结构在移动载荷作用下的振动响应

浮桥的载荷具有移动性，并有可能在同时遭受风、浪、流联合作用的恶劣环境中使用。为了使浮桥的设计做到既经济又安全，必须对浮桥的载荷和强度有一个比较精确的评估方法。推导了适合模型计算的用户单元的特性矩阵，并将该用户单元导入现有大型有限元分析程序ABAQUS，利用其功能强大的求解器，求解了静水中自由浮式均匀梁在移动载荷作用下的振动响应，为后续研究奠定了基础。     

Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibration of Circular Cylinder with Data of Forced Vibration

A model based on the data from forced vibration experiments is developed for predicting the vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of elastically mounted circular cylinders in flow. The assumptions for free and forced vibration tests are explored briefly. Energy equilibrium is taken into account to set up the relationship between the dynamic response of self-excited oscillations and the force coefficients from forced vibration experiments. The gap between these two cases is bridged straightforwardly with careful treatment of key parameters. Given reduced mass m and material damping ratio ζ of an elastically mounted circular cylinder in flow, the response characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, lock-in range, added mass coefficient, cross-flow fluid force and the corresponding phase angle can be predicted all at once. Instances with different combination of reduced mass and material damping ratio are compared to investigate their effects on VIV. The hysteresis phenomenon can be interpreted reasonably. The predictions and the results from recent experiments carried out by Williamson's group are in rather good agreement.     

An Improved Simplified Method for Predicting the Hydroelastic Response of Mat-Like VLFS

Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) have received considerable attention recently. Efficient and accurate estimation of their hydroelastic responses in waves is very important for the design. The most efficient approach would obviously be the analytical one. Within the category of analytical approaches, the simplified method proposed by Ohkusu and his colleague are of special characteristics. However, when one studies their methods, several questions arise. The purpose of this paper is to critically study the simplified methods proposed by Ohkusu and his colleague in order to answer these questions. Some problems in their original methods have been found and possible improvements are suggested. It is concluded that the improved simplified method using the same idea of Ohkusu and his colleague could provide a reasonable estimate of the hydroelastic response of mat-like VLFS in a certain range of incident angles of waves.     

Generation and Application of A Standardized Load-Time History to Tubular T-joints in Offshore Platforms

Marine structures are mostly made of metals and always experience complex random loading during their service periods. The fatigue crack growth behaviors of metal materials have been proved from laboratory tests to be sensitive to the loading sequence encountered. In order to take account of the loading sequence effect, fatigue life prediction should be based on fatigue crack propagation (FCP) theory rather than the currently used cumulative fatigue damage (CFD) theory. A unified fatigue life prediction (UFLP) method for marine structures has been proposed by the authors’ group. In order to apply the UFLP method for newly designed structures, authorities such as the classification societies should provide a standardized load-time history (SLH) such as the TWIST and FALSTAFF sequences for transport and fighter aircraft. This paper mainly aims at proposing a procedure to generate the SLHs for marine structures based on a short-term loading sample and to provide an illustration on how to use the presented SLH to a typical tubular T-joint in an offshore platform based on the UFLP method.     

Reynolds and Mass-Damping Effect on Prediction of the Peak Amplitude of A Freely Vibrating Cylinder

The Reynolds effect and mass-damping effect on the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder is studied by using forced oscillating data from Gopalkrishnan＇ s research in 1993, in which all experimental cases were carried out at a fixed Reynolds and the tested cylinder was recognized as a body that had no mass and damping. However, the Reynolds and roass-damping are the very important parameters for the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder. In the present study, a function F is introduced to connect the forced oscillation and free vibration. Firstly the peak amplitude AG^＊ can be obtained from the function F using forced oscillation data of Gopalkrishnan＇ s experimental at Re = 10^4, and then the Reynolds effect is taken into account in the function f（Re）, while the mass-damping effect is considered in the function K（ α ）, where a is the mass-damping ratio. So the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder can be predicted by the expression： A ^＊ = K（ α ）f（ Re ）AG^＊ . It is found that the peak transverse amplitudes predicted by the above equation agree very well with many recent experimental data under both high and low Reynolds conditions while roass-damping varies. Furthermore, it is seen that the Reynolds number does have a great effect on the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder. The present idea in this paper can be applied as an update in the empirical models that also use forced oscillation data to predict the vortex induced vibration （VIV） response of a long riser in the frequency domain.     

通载浮桥的水弹性响应分析

浮桥具有重要的军事用途，在民用上也已受到越来越广泛的重视。为了使浮桥的设计既安全又经济，就必须对浮桥的载荷和强度有一个比较精确的评估。浮桥载荷具有移动性，并可能同时遭受风、浪、流联合作用，浮桥在这些载荷联合作用下的动响应分析在理论上将是一个很具挑战性的问题。通过资料的收集和整理，对国内外相关研究的现状作了介绍，并指出了研究的主要方向。     

自动剖面浮标研究现状及展望

回顾了自动剖面浮标的发展历程,自动剖面浮标由Swollow提出的中性浮子发展而来,演变到现在的PROVOR型、APEX型、SOLO型等自动剖面浮标。文中介绍了Argo计划中几种主要的自动剖面浮标,其浮力调节原理主要是通过改变浮标在水中的排水体积实现自动沉浮,从而测量水的温度、盐度、深度等数据。对常规(2 000 m)和深海(2 000 m)自动剖面浮标进行比较,大部分深海自动剖面浮标耐压结构已经采用球形设计,浮标受压后变形小且可减轻浮标自重;单冲程柱塞泵改变为体积较小的液压泵,提供超高压的同时可以充分利用球体空间。目前,常规自动剖面浮标已广泛应用到海洋环境数据的调查、收集,而深海自动剖面浮标仍处于研发与试验阶段,面临诸多的技术挑战,对浮标的可靠性提出了更高的要求。