过去2000a中国东部冬半年温度变幅与周期

The amplitude and rhythm of temperature changes at inter-decadal and inter-centennial timescale were studied, based on the winter-half year temperature change series reconstructed from historical phenological events in eastern China for the past 2000 years, together with the temperature change simulation from ECHO-G model for the past 1000 years, and the quasi-periods of temperature fluctuation were discussed by using wavelet analysis. The results indicate: 1) the maximal amplitude of winter half-year temperature change in eastern China at decadal and centennial scale, was above 2℃ and 0.5-1.0℃ respectively. The reconstructed result indicates that the amplitude of warming during the 20th century was identical with the maximum amplitude before the 20th century in eastern China, but the simulated result suggests that the amplitude of warming has exceeded the maximum amplitude. 2) The rhythms of temperature change at centennial to millennial scale in eastern China were about 100-year, 250-year, 400-year, 600-year and 1000-year. The 20th century, the 1st-3rd century and the 9th-13th century were warm peaks at inter-centennial scale as well as at millennial scale. It is implicated that the warming during the 20th century should be attributed to not only anthropogenic effect, but also natural climate variation.     

龙门山断裂带中段深地震宽角反射/折射剖面研究

射线追踪方法是研究地震波在横向非均匀地壳介质中传播的重要方法.本文推导了理论走时对网格化节点速度的偏导数公式,提出了针对深地震宽角反射/折射剖面数据反演的联合迭代法,并使用该方法对横跨龙门山断裂带中段的一条深地震宽角反射/折射剖面进行了反演和解释.首先,对每一炮的观测数据进行一维反演,在此基础上插值出一个粗略的二维速度模型;然后,使用射线追踪方法计算理论走时,再根据理论走时与观测走时的拟合程度对二维模型进行调整,以获得更加接近实际的二维速度模型;最后,利用联合迭代法对观测走时进行反演,经反复迭代使所有接收点理论走时与实测走时的残差平方和最小,最终获取该剖面的二维地壳速度结构.反演结果表明:测线东段的沉积盖层明显厚于中段褶皱带和西部高原,中部褶皱带部分地区出现基岩裸露;构造转换带两侧的地层分界面近于水平层状分布,其西侧的中、下地壳内各存在一个层间速度间断面;构造转换带内存在薄厚不等的低速层,自西向东有增厚趋势.此外,龙门山断裂带的3条主断裂向下深切结晶基底,这是由于西部松潘—甘孜地块自西向东运动,受到刚性扬子地块的阻挡,沿铲式断裂向上爬升所致;而在断层上盘距地表约15 km深处出现的最大剪应力极值区,正是发生汶川M_S8.0地震的震源位置.      

东天山土古土布拉克组火山岩锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义

东天山觉罗塔格构造带土古土布拉克组火山岩的岩石类型为玄武岩至流纹岩。岩石地球化学特征表明,玄武岩为低钾拉斑系列,亏损Nb,Ta,Ti等高场强元素,富集Ba,Th,U,Sr等大离子亲石元素,具板内玄武岩特征;英安岩和流纹岩为钾玄岩系列,富集Rb,Ba,Th,U等大离子亲石元素,Nb,P,Ti亏损十分明显,具火山弧英安岩、流纹岩特征。对英安岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得成岩年龄为(303.7±2.3)Ma。结合已有研究成果,认为该时期觉罗塔格构造带内的俯冲挤压过程已结束,进入后碰撞构造演化阶段,土古土布拉克组火山岩应形成于后碰撞构造阶段的伸展期。     

黑龙江高松山金矿区赋矿火山岩成因及构造意义

为探讨高松山金矿床成矿背景和矿床成因,对其主要赋矿围岩下白垩统板子房组火山岩进行了岩相学和地球化学研究。结果显示,该区火山岩以玄武安山岩、安山岩和粗安岩为主,其SiO2含量为51.51%~56.75%,TiO2含量较低(1.02%~1.61%),MgO含量变化较大(1.51%~7.10%),Mg#值中等(34~66),Na2O+K2O值为3.45%~6.52%,里特曼指数为1.15~3.42,属钙碱系列火山岩。微量元素分析表明,岩石相对富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具有弱的Eu负异常(δEu=0.86~1.07),富集大离子亲石元素和U、Pb等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素。上述研究表明,高松山金矿区火山岩的岩浆源区为受俯冲带流体交代的岩石圈地幔,有不同程度的分离结晶,受陆壳混染影响较小。综合区域构造背景,初步认为该区火山岩的形成与古太平洋板块对欧亚大陆下的俯冲作用关系密切,构造环境可能为活动大陆边缘背景下的陆缘弧。     

黑龙江张三沟金矿区赋矿岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

张三沟金矿区位于中亚—兴蒙造山带东段,是该造山带上一个较为重要的金矿区,其研究程度较低。为厘定赋矿岩浆岩的成岩时代并限定其成矿时代,本文对主要赋矿的斜长花岗斑岩和宁远村组英安岩进行了锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS同位素定年,获得其成岩年龄分别为106.2±1.2Ma和104.2±1.4Ma,说明二者可能是同期、同源岩浆在演化的不同阶段先后喷出和侵入的产物。早白垩世是东北地区乃至整个中国东部地区岩浆活动的高峰期,此时期区内爆发了大规模的成矿作用,张三沟金矿即为此期岩浆-热液活动的产物。期间受太平洋板块俯冲作用的影响,区域上处于拉张伸展构造环境中,加厚岩石圈的拆沉作用导致软流圈上涌并发生底侵,最终形成同时期的广泛的岩浆活动并诱发大量的成矿作用。     

数据备份设备CD-R

数据备份设备ＣＤ－Ｒ王豫郑薛新杰（驻马店地区气象局·４６３００）ＣＤ－Ｒ是可记录光盘的后起之秀。之前的磁光驱动器ＭＯ和相变驱动器ＰＤ由于价格高以及不能和广泛流行的ＣＤ－ＲＯＭ相兼容,因而不能流行。而ＣＤ－Ｒ价格低,其盘片与ＣＤ－ＲＯＭ的盘片完全兼容,...     

EISCAT雷达观测到的极区电离层等离子体反常对流

综合分析EISCAT雷达与卫星当地测量数据,并利用磁层磁场模式对磁力线进行追踪,研究了发生在极光椭圆朝极盖边界附近电离层中,一例反常的背离太阳流动的强等离子体对流事件,及相关的太阳风-磁层-电离层耦合过程.结果表明,磁暴期间IMFBz指向南时观测到这一反常高速对流,及其相应的等离子体性态特征,很可能是向阳侧磁层顶磁重联过程在电离层中的印记.     

中国传统农区1820年耕地数据网格化方法

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of LUCC change with climate and ecosystem simulation, but the result could only be determined precisely if a high-resolution underlying land cover map is used. While the efforts based satellites have provided a good baseline for present land cover, what the next advancement in the research about LUCC change required is the development of reconstruction of historical LUCC change, especially spatially-explicit historical dataset. Being different from other similar studies, this study is based on the analysis of historical land use patterns in the traditional cultivated region of China. Taking no account of the less important factors, altitude, slope and population patterns are selected as the major drivers of reclamation in ancient China, and used to design the HCGM (Historical Cropland Gridding Model, at a 60 km×60 km resolution), which is an empirical model for allocating the historical cropland inventory data spatially to grid cells in each political unit. Then we use this model to reconstruct cropland distribution of the study area in 1820, and verify the result by prefectural cropland data of 1820, which is from the historical documents. The statistical analyzing result shows that the model can simulate the patterns of the cropland distribution in the historical period in the traditional cultivated region efficiently. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40471007; Innovation Knowledge Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-YW-315 Author: Lin Shanshan (1982–), Master, specialized in historical environmental change.     

永定客家土楼世界遗产地土地覆盖与生态变化遥感评价

以世界文化遗产客家土楼所在地福建省龙岩市永定区及其规划保护区(湖高区)为研究区,选取1988年、1996年、2002年、2009年和2014年5期Landsat系列卫星影像,应用多分类器集成及新型遥感生态指数(remote sensing based ecological index,RSEI)获取研究区5个时期土地覆盖分类图及RSEI图,采用分类后变化检测方法获得研究区土地覆盖及生态环境变化情况。结果表明:(1)1988—2014年26 a间研究区土地覆盖变化明显,林地、灌木/草地、建设用地面积快速增长,耕地、退化地、开垦地面积大幅减少;(2)RSEI适合用于土楼遗产地生态环境评价;(3)2个研究区的生态质量1988—1996年间均下降,其后均呈逐年上升趋势;(4)从土地覆盖与生态环境的关系来看,生态质量变好区域位于坡耕地、原有中高海拔退化地及开垦地转化为林草地区域;变差区域集中在林草地转化为耕地、退化地和开垦地区域以及城镇周边扩展区域。     

内蒙西乌珠穆沁旗哲斯组木化石

我们在哲斯组中采到木化石一属三种,即Dadoxylon(Cordaites)houtoumiaoense sp. nov.,D.xiuqiense sp.nov.,D. sp.。本文仅描述其中的两个新种。其木化石标本系我所郭胜哲等同志采自内蒙西乌珠穆沁旗猴头庙公社西北约三公里处的下二叠统哲斯组中。在木化石层的上下层位中,均产有丰富的腕足类、珊瑚、苔藓虫等动物化石及植物化石,它们指明其时代为早二叠世。