纬度和海拔高度对云南地面紫外线强度影响的数值试验

依据已经建立起来的昆明地区紫外辐射传输方案，计算并讨论了大气中中低云、气溶胶粒子以及不同地理纬度和海拔高度对UV辐照度的影响。研究结果表明，在考虑了大气层中臭氧的吸收和空气分子散射的情况下，UV辐照度随地理纬度的增高和海拔高度的降低均有明显而强烈的改变。云对紫外辐照度有很大的影响。而且低云对UV辐照度的削弱作用大于中云的削弱作用。大气中气溶胶粒子对紫外辐射的影响在UV—A波段和UV—B波段具有不同的表现。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系风化壳储层稀土元素配分特征及其油气地质意义

对鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奧陶系马家沟组风化壳岩溶储层的碳酸盐岩、硫酸盐岩和碎屑岩类岩石样品以及上覆层本溪组碎屑岩样品所作的稀土元素含量与配分特征分析表明,稀土元素分馏特征与富集特征明显,非可溶岩的稀土元素总含量与富集程度高于可溶岩。轻、重稀土元素关系分析表明,可溶岩的轻稀土元素迁移大于重稀土元素的分馏效应,揭示了可溶岩经历了不同的岩溶环境,马家沟组碎屑岩中的稀土元素与上覆层本溪组底部砂泥岩中的稀土元素是同源的。δEu与δCe分析表明,δEu的活化迁移,反映了表生期岩溶环境的存在,而δCe的相对富集,揭示了埋藏期岩溶的发育及其与天然气生成运聚的密切关系。     

文县燕儿沟拦挡坝受损原因与加固措施研究

拦挡坝受损是泥石流治理工程常见的问题,因地制宜提出加固措施可保障工程自身安全,且使已有防治体系继续发挥防灾减灾效能。在查明拦挡坝破坏模式及受损原因的基础上,根据受损部位、破坏程度和损坏原因的不同,采取相宜的加固措施,尤其对坝体存在多种破坏类型的情况则采取多种措施的综合加固方案。本文以燕儿沟泥石流为例,在掌握灾害发育特征的基础上,查明流域内拦挡坝破坏类型,并分析受损原因,研究提出安全合理、行之有效的加固措施,为此类加固工程提供借鉴思路,为往后防治工程结构设计提供参考。     

山东章丘黄土粒度指示的粉尘堆积过程及古气候意义

山东黄土堆积过程记录了中国东部季风区大气环流的变化信息,对揭示东亚季风变化规律与古气候环境演变具有重要价值.本文采用参数化粒度端元分析方法探讨山东章丘剖面沉积物的沉积特征、沉积动力及其环境意义.结果表明:①章丘剖面光释光年代(OSL)介于42.24-0.26 ka之间,为晚更新世以来的沉积物.②章丘剖面沉积物粒度组分分...     

库水波动带岸坡原位声波测试及劣化特性研究

为了揭示库水波动带内岩体在库水位周期性升降,干-湿循环条件下,其物理力学性质变化特征,掌握不同岩性的劣化改造过程和差异性。选择消落带内变形破坏强烈的侏罗系库岸斜坡,在宏观调查的基础上,运用单孔、跨孔声波测试方法进行原位试验测试,同时进行原位样品试件采集,运用干湿循环、力学测试、耐崩解等手段进行室内试验测试。原位单孔声波测试K_V值为0.2~0.51,跨声波测试K_V值为0.46~0.91,表明岩体横向完整性差,纵向完整性相对较好,并且消落带内岩体随着高程的降低,其岩体完整性呈下降趋势;试件力学测试结果表明,20次干-湿循环后其强度平均下降30%~45%,且摩擦系数和黏聚力参数均呈逐渐降低趋势;耐崩解性试验表明,干-湿循环条件下,岩石耐崩解性逐渐降低,5次干-湿循环后,试件耐崩解性指数降低量达3.1%~20.2%。试验结果均证实了消落带内岩体受库水影响强烈,岩体长期在干-湿循条件下,其物理力学性质呈降低趋势,不同岩性劣化程度不同,岩体总体向破碎、解体的趋势发展,并且具有渐进性和累积性。     

自然资源统一调查监测的赋能与升维

自然资源统一调查监测在《自然资源调查监测体系构建总体方案》实施以来得到了有效推进,学理的认知和技术的创新在具体实践中得到检验。为继续统筹推进自然资源统一调查监测工作,亟需厘清自然资源概念并明确其分类,遵循落实自然资源调查监测体系“统一”原则,整体驱动自然资源调查监测,从而实现自然资源调查监测的赋能与升维。该文结合实际工作中出现的问题,兼顾技术逻辑引领同时契合行政逻辑,提出自然资源的“六态”和“+”与被“+”的“四XUN(寻/询/巡/循)模式”;提炼一种普适性的思想方法,不但可以指导自然资源统一调查监测工作,也可以举一反三灵活运用,为自然资源调查监测工作进一步优化完善提供参考。     

雅鲁藏布江流域1961-2005年气候变化趋势

The Yarlung Zangbo River (YR) is the highest great river in the world, and its basin is one of the centers of human economic activity in Tibet. Using 10 meteorological stations over the YR basin in 1961–2005, the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation as well as potential evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The annual and four seasonal mean air temperature shows statistically significant increasing trend, the tendency is more significant in winter and fall. The warming in Lhasa river basin is most significant. (2) The precipitation is decreasing from the 1960s to the 1980s and increasing since the 1980s. From 1961 to 2005, the annual and four seasonal mean precipitation is increasing but not statistically significant, especially in fall and spring. The increasing precipitation rates are more pronounced in Niyangqu and Palong Zangbo river basins, the closer to the upper YR is, the less precipitation increasing rate would be. (3) The annual and four seasonal mean potential evapotranspiration has decreased, especially after the 1980s, and most of it happens in winter and spring. The decreasing trend is most significant in the middle YR and Nianchu river basin. (4) Compared with the Mt. Qomolangma region, Tibetan Plateau, China and global average, the magnitudes of warming trend over the YR basin since the 1970s exceed those areas in the same period, and compared with the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitudes of precipitation increasing and potential evapotranspiration decreasing are larger, suggesting that the YR basin is one of the most sensitive areas to global warming.     

NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料在喜马拉雅山-青藏高原气象研究中的可行性分析

Due to the difficult logistics in the extreme high elevation regions over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, the observational meteorological data are very few. In 2003, an automatic weather station was deployed at the northeastern saddle of Mt. Nyainqentanglha (NQ) (30°24′44.3″ N, 90°34′13.1″ E, 5850 m a.s.l.), the southern Tibetan Plateau. In 2005, another station was operated at the East Rongbuk Glacier Col (28°01′0.95″ N, 86°57′48.4″ E, 6523 m a.s.l.) of Mt. Qomolangma. Observational data from the two sites have been compared with the reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), reliability of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data has been investigated in the Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau region. The reanalysis data can capture much of the synoptic-scale variability in temperature and pressure, although the reanalysis values are systematically lower than the observation. Furthermore, most of the variability magnitude is, to some degree, underestimated. In addition, the weather event extracted from the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed pressure and temperature prominently appears one day ahead of the observational data on Mt. Qomolangma, while on Mt. NQ it occurs basically in the same day.     

我国科学数据共享现状的调查与分析

为了解我国科学数据共享现状, 规范科学数据汇交、 共享、 管理, 笔者开展了科学数据共享现状调查。 在基本情况调查的基础上, 对我国科学数据资源现状、 科学数据共享机制、 制约科学数据共享的主要因素进行了初步分析, 指出了在我国实施科学数据共享应强化的基础工作。     

洛阳地震台数字记录的台湾省地震误差分析

结合洛阳地质构造背景,分析了2000年1月～2006年10月洛阳地震台记录到的台湾省地震的P波干扰因素及识别方法,影区地震、深源震的S波(或LG波)特征,采用中国地震台网中心确定的震级与洛阳地震台测定的复核、速报震级相比较,按震级段、年度分别统计分析,查找产生震级误差的原因,计算出台基校正系数,认为排除干扰、提高震相分析能力、用台基校正系数修正Ms计算公式,是减小震级误差的有效方法.