“风云三号卫星产品在新疆荒漠化监测评价中的应用”项目

立项背景 2008年5月27日,FY-3A星成功发射。风云三号（FY-3）卫星是我国第二代极轨气象卫星,其第一颗星FY-3A搭载了可见光红外扫描辐射计、中分辨率光涪成像仪、微波成像仪等11个有效载荷,可以对全球天气和环境实现全天候、三维、定量、多光谱遥感。与上一代极轨气象卫星相比,FY-3A新增了10个有效载荷,     

2008年中国-东盟博览会期间广西暴雨过程分析

利用常规资料、T639分析资料、Fy2C卫星云图资料对2008年中国-东盟博览会期间(10月22～23日)发生的一场区域性暴雨过程进行了综合诊断分析.结果表明:暴雨过程是由于西太平洋副高强,贝加尔湖低涡深,切变线南下增强及江南锋生共同影响造成.这些大尺度环流系统在广西北部表现为一向南向东倾斜的斜压系统,是此次初秋暴雨发生的环流背景.虽然没有大范围的低空急流水汽输送带,但稳定少变的副高边缘及南下增强的低空切变线仍在广西北部形成了高水汽环境和一定的对流不稳定能量,触发了中尺度对流系统活动,从而导致了暴雨过程的发生.     

Investigation of Arctic air temperature extremes at north of 60°N in winter

Air temperature is a key index reflecting climate change. Air temperature extremes are very important because they strongly influence the natural environment and societal activities. The Arctic air temperature extremes north of 60°N are investigated in the winter. Daily data from 238 stations at north of 60°N from the global summary of the day for the period 1979–2015 are used to study the trends of cold days, cold nights, warm days and warm nights during the wintertime. The results show a decreasing trend of cold days and nights(rate of –0.2 to –0.3 d/a) and an increasing trend of warm days and nights(rate of +0.2 to +0.3 d/a) in the Arctic. The mean temperature increases,which contributes to the increasing(decreasing) occurrence of warm(cold) days and nights. On the other hand,the variance at most stations decreased, leading to a reduced number of cold events. A positive AO(Arctic Oscillation) index leads to an increased(decreased) number of warm(cold) days and nights over northern Europe and western Russia and an increased(decreased) number of cold(warm) days and nights over the Bering Strait and Greenland. The lower extent of Arctic autumn sea ice leads to a decreased number of cold days and nights.The occurrences of abrupt changes are detected using the Mann-Kendall method for cold nights occurring in Canada in 1998 and for warm nights occurring in northwestern Eurasia in 1988. This abrupt change mainly resulted from the mean warming induced by south winds and an increased North Atlantic sea surface temperature.     

欧亚大陆冬季温度对北极海冰减少的敏感性及非线性响应研究

The recent decline in the Arctic sea ice has coincided with more cold winters in Eurasia.It has been hypothesized that the Arctic sea ice loss is causing more mid-latitude cold extremes and cold winters,yet there is lack of consensus in modeling studies on the impact of Arctic sea ice loss.Here we conducted modeling experiments with Community Atmosphere Model Version 5(CAM5) to investigate the sensitivity and linearity of Eurasian winter temperature response to the Atlantic sector and Pacific sector of the Arctic sea ice loss.Our experiments indicate that the Arctic sea ice reduction can significantly affect the atmospheric circulation by strengthening the Siberian High,exciting the stationary Rossby wave train,and weakening the polar jet stream,which in turn induce the cooling in Eurasia.The temperature decreases by more than 1°C in response to the ice loss in the Atlantic sector and the cooling is less and more shifts southward in response to the ice loss in the Pacific sector.More interestingly,sea ice loss in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors together barely induces cold temperatures in Eurasia,suggesting the nonlinearity of the atmospheric response to the Arctic sea ice loss.     

新型防污剂辣素衍生物的合成、抑菌性及防污性能研究

合成了3种新型含辣素衍生结构的丙烯酰胺衍生物HMOBA、BMA和HMMBA,通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁波谱(1 HNMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌性实验证明了合成的化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑制作用,抑菌效果为BMA>HMOBA>HMMBA,其中BMA的对两种菌的最小抑菌浓度均可达0.062 5mg/mL。以合成的化合物为防污剂制备了海洋防污涂料,186d的实海挂板几乎没有附着任何海洋污损生物。     

西北太平洋不同区域海平面变化特征分析

重点研究西北太平洋长期验潮站海平面变化的季节、年际和年代际变化特征。所选站点多年平均变化速率为1.71mm/a。结果表明,近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区主要周期均为12个月;近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区部分低纬度站点存在6个月周期;所有站点都存在明显的年际和年代际周期信号;中高纬度地区年代际信号强于年际信号,热带地区年际信号强于年代际信号;近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区站点年际和年代际变化具有明显的地域性;热带地区受ENSO影响强于中高纬度地区,热带大洋区受ENSO影响强于大洋沿岸区,热带大洋沿岸区受ENSO影响强于近岸区;受PDO影响较明显的站点位于25°N～40°N的中纬度地区。1993—2010年间,近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区验潮站、大洋区T/P的主要周期均为12个月,但变化速率和季节变化振幅各不同,大洋区验潮站滞后其他区近1个月达到极值。     

Low-frequency coupled atmosphere-ocean variability in the southern Indian Ocean

The low-frequency atmosphere-ocean coupled variability of the southern Indian Ocean(SIO) was investigated using observation data over 1958-2010.These data were obtained from ECMWF for sea level pressure(SLP) and wind,from NCEP/NCAR for heat fluxes,and from the Hadley Center for SST.To obtain the coupled air-sea variability,we performed SVD analyses on SST and SLP.The primary coupled mode represents 43% of the total square covariance and is featured by weak westerly winds along 45-30 S.This weakened subtropical anticyclone forces fluctuations in a well-known subtropical dipole structure in the SST via wind-induced processes.The SST changes in response to atmosphere forcing and is predictable with a lead-time of 1-2 months.Atmosphere-ocean coupling of this mode is strongest during the austral summer.Its principle component is characterized by mixed interannual and interdecadal fluctuations.There is a strong relationship between the first mode and Antarctic Oscillation(AAO).The AAO can influence the coupled processes in the SIO by modulating the subtropical high.The second mode,accounting for 30% of the total square covariance,represents a 25-year period interdecadal oscillation in the strength of the subtropical anticyclone that is accompanied by fluctuations of a monopole structure in the SST along the 35-25 S band.It is caused by subsidence of the atmosphere.The present study also shows that physical processes of both local thermodynamic and ocean circulation in the SIO have a crucial role in the formation of the atmosphere-ocean covariability.     

薄盘光滑样条插值中三种协变量方法的降水量插值精度比较

在薄盘光滑样条插值中,高相关协变量的选取决定了插值结果的精确性。以2001-2009年全国728个气象站点日降水为数据源,提取年降水量数据,在分析多年平均降水量与两协变量高程（DEM）和距海岸线距离（DCL）的空间相关性基础上,利用ANUSPLIN软件,比较不同协变量下降水量插值结果精度在全国尺度以及区域尺度上的差异。以DEM、DCL及DEM-DCL分别为协变量对降水量数据进行空间插值发现：①在全国尺度上,DEM法的平均绝对误差（MAE）为47.79,略低于DEM-DCL法（48.90）,但显著低于DCL法（55.54）;且DEM法的平均相对误差和均方根误差也明显低于其它两种方法。②在区域尺度上,除西藏地区外的其他7个区域,3种方法的插值误差与全国尺度上相一致。西藏地区降水插值结果以DCL法的精度最高,而DEM法则较差。研究建议除在西藏地区的降水量插值研究中采用DCL法,在全国其他大部分区域采用DEM法。     

市场经济条件下的商业性矿产资源勘查工作

矿产资源是经济建设和社会发展的重要基础,地质勘查工作是经济社会发展的重要基础工作,公益性勘查和商业性勘查双轨制地勘体制为矿业权市场的建立创造了条件。地质勘查工作具有基础性、长期性、前瞻性和风险性等特点,为使矿业权市场健康平稳的发展,国家在鼓励商业性勘查的前提下,必须制定相关的政策扶持商业性矿产勘查,同时还要改善商业性矿产勘查市场环境,维护好勘查市场秩序,强化矿业权管理,保护矿业权人的合法权益,依法查处勘查中违法活动。     

玉林：开展“耕地保护和节约集约用地保卫战”活动

为贯彻落实中央的土地政策,严格执行耕地保护和节约集约用地以及土地使用权招标拍卖挂牌出让政策,扎实开展“双保活动”,6月22日,经会议研究决定,玉林市纪委、市监察局将联合发文在全市范围内开展“耕地保护和节约集约用地保卫战”活动。