吕泗渔场海洋学特征与定置网渔获性能的研究

本文以2006-2009年吕泗渔场海洋学调查和已有相关研究相结合.综述吕泗渔场的地形、地貌、水团与温盐要素特征和渔业生物多样性特点.在此基础上,论述吕泗渔场帆张网、坛子方、洋方网、深水方、单根方主要定置渔具的分布及其渔获性能,并进一步阐明辐射沙脊是该渔场最突出特点,适应该地貌开发出不同类型网具的有效性与多样性.吕泗渔场当前定置网具属过量发展,渔业资源已衰退,应该加强管理和资源保护.     

饥饿胁迫条件下黑鮸（Miichthys miiuy）仔鱼的生长与存活过程研究

采用实验生态学方法研究了延迟投饵对黑鮸仔鱼摄食、存活生长及体成分组成的影响。结果表明,在24℃,仔鱼在3日龄时开口摄食,4日龄时卵黄囊吸收完毕,6日龄仔鱼如不能建立外源性营养即进入饥饿死亡不可逆点（PNR）,而延迟投饵3天（6日龄）以上的仔鱼在8日龄前全部死亡。正常投喂仔鱼（16％）和延迟投饵1天仔鱼（15％）的存活率明显高于延迟2天投饵仔鱼（9％）。它们的高死亡（日死亡率为5％-6.5％）集中发生在3-8日龄期间,但低于3-7日龄内延迟投饵3天和完全饥饿仔鱼（日死亡率为18.5％）。在7日龄时,正常投喂仔鱼（9.9％）的特殊生长率（SGR）明显高于延迟投饵仔鱼（4.6％-8.4％）。在36日龄时,正常投喂仔鱼与延迟投饵1天仔鱼之间的生长差异消失,与延迟投饵2天的仔鱼之间的生长差异显著。延迟投饵引起开口摄食阶段仔鱼体内脂肪和蛋白质含量明显减少,但延迟投饵1-2天的存活仔鱼在后期发育过程中可以达到正常投饵仔鱼的营养水平。因此,不论在养殖条件下还是在自然水域,黑鮸仔鱼必须在开口后2天之内建立起主动摄食能力才可能保证其仔鱼的正常发育、生长和存活。     

Otolith shape analysis for stock discrimination of two Collichthys genus croaker(Pieces: Sciaenidae,) from the northern Chinese coast

The otolith morphology of two croaker species(C ollichthys lucidus and C ollichthys niveatus) from three areas(Liaodong Bay, LD; Huanghe(Yellow) River estuary, HRE; Jiaozhou Bay, JZ) along the northern Chinese coast were investigated for species identifi cation and stock discrimination. The otolith contour shape described by elliptic Fourier coefficients(EFC) were analysed using principal components analysis(PCA) and stepwise canonical discriminant analysis(CDA) to identify species and stocks. The two species were well dif ferentiated, with an overall classifi cation success rate of 97.8%. And variations in the otolith shapes were significant enough to discriminate among the three geographical samples of C. lucidus(67.7%) or C. niveatus(65.2%). Relatively high mis-assignment occurred between the geographically adjacent LD and HRE samples, which implied that individual mixing may exist between the two samples. This study yielded information complementary to that derived from genetic studies and provided information for assessing the stock structure of C. lucidus and C. niveatus in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.     

鱼类早期死亡动态及补充机制的研究

鱼类早期死亡动态及资源补充机制研究已成为全球研究热点。荷兰,英国等欧洲国家以北海鳕、鲱、比目鱼等优势资源种类为代表,系统研究捕食-被捕食、繁殖、浮游生物群落动态等生物过程对北海鱼类资源补充的调控;美国NOAA则组织大型课题如ABREOPEN对北美典型海湾、湖泊的生物过程及物理过程对鱼类资源补充的影响的研究。一些大型的全球性项目如GIOBEC及LMEs等亦把鱼类补充列为重要的研究内容。1993年在荷兰举办了以世界比目鱼补充机制为主题的国际研讨会,系统探讨了比目鱼类补充机制研究的理论框架。总之,世界上鱼类补充机制的研…     

黄河口黄盖鲽的食性及摄食的季节性变化

923尾黄河口黄盖鲽Pseudo pleuronectes yokohamae(Gunther)成鱼的胃含物分析结果表明,黄盖鲽系广食性、底栖生物食性,主要摄食多毛类、软体动物类、棘皮动物类、甲壳类及腔肠动物类50余种食物,它终年摄食,仅在产卵期间稍有减弱,其食物类群及种类组成均有明显的季节性变化,表明鱼类的摄食与食物保障密切相关.     

Application of otolith shape analysis for stock discrimination and species identification of five goby species （Perciformes： Gobiidae） in the northern Chinese coastal waters

We tested the use of otolith shape analysis to discriminate between species and stocks of five goby species( Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, and Acanthogobius hasta) found in northern Chinese coastal waters. The five species were well differentiated with high overall classification success using shape indices(83.7%), elliptic Fourier coefficients(98.6%), or the combination of both methods(94.9%). However, shape analysis alone was only moderately successful at discriminating among the four stocks(Liaodong Bay, LD; Bohai Bay, BH; Huanghe(Yellow) River estuary HRE, and Jiaozhou Bay, JZ stocks) of A. hasta(50%–54%) and C. stigmatias(65.7%–75.8%). For these two species, shape analysis was moderately successful at discriminating the HRE or JZ stocks from other stocks, but failed to effectively identify the LD and BH stocks. A large number of otoliths were misclassified between the HRE and JZ stocks, which are geographically well separated. The classification success for stock discrimination was higher using elliptic Fourier coefficients alone(70.2%) or in combination with shape indices(75.8%) than using only shape indices(65.7%) in C. stigmatias whereas there was little difference among the three methods for A. hasta. Our results supported the common belief that otolith shape analysis is generally more effective for interspecific identification than intraspecific discrimination. Moreover, compared with shape indices analysis, Fourier analysis improves classification success during inter- and intra-species discrimination by otolith shape analysis, although this did not necessarily always occur in all fish species.     

海水酸化和甲基汞胁迫条件下文蛤免疫应答和生物矿化响应

海洋酸化背景下重金属对海洋生物的毒性效应是一个重要的生态毒理学研究问题。海洋酸化不仅直接影响海洋贝类的生理过程,也通过改变重金属的存在形式和生物可利用性进而影响其生物毒性。为研究海洋酸化背景下甲基汞(MeHg)对海洋贝类免疫和生物矿化的毒理效应,本研究将采集于野外的文蛤(Meretrix petechialis)置于不同pH水平(二氧化碳分压;pH 8.10/背景水平、7.70/中度酸化和7.30/高度酸化)和甲基汞质量浓度(对照、溶剂对照、0.1,1和5 μg/L)的海水中共同暴露21 d,研究文蛤内脏团和鳃组织内免疫应答和生物矿化相关的生物标志物对海水酸化和MeHg共同胁迫的响应。结果表明,海水酸化和MeHg均显著影响其免疫应答策略,不同胁迫水平对各类生物标志物具有组织差异性。具体而言,MeHg暴露诱导内脏团中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性,表明MeHg对免疫解毒机制有刺激作用,在一定程度上提高了其免疫应答。海水酸化抑制了鳃和内脏团中AKP活性,抑制其免疫应答。在生物矿化相关酶中,在海水酸化和MeHg共同胁迫下钙-ATP酶(Ca²⁺-ATP)活性显著下降,干扰其离子平衡和生物矿化。海水酸化加剧了MeHg胁迫对文蛤免疫应答和生物矿化的毒理作用。相关系数分析和主成分分析表明这些生物标志物可以协同防御环境胁迫对免疫应答和生物矿化策略的毒理作用。这些生物酶对海水酸化和MeHg胁迫响应比较敏感,可以作为评价海洋酸化背景下MeHg对文蛤两种生物组织免疫功能毒性效应的潜在生物标志物。研究结果为理解海洋酸化和重金属胁迫对贝类生理功能的影响提供新见解,为评估海洋酸化背景下贝类种群变动和资源管理提供科学依据。