中国对虾“黄海1号”生长性状对体重的影响效果分析

Data for this study were collected from 90 Fenneropenaeus chinensis at 3 months old in Xiaying village of Weifang City. The full length ( X1) , the body length ( X2) , the Carapace length ( X3) , Abdominal segment length (X4),ASL (X5), ASL (X6), ASL (X7) ,ASL (X8) , ASL (X9)and the body weight (Y) were measured. The correlation coefficient matrix was calculated. The preceding 14 morphometric characters were used as independent variables , and the body weight was used as a dependent variable for path analysis , path coefficients ( Pi) , determination coefficients ( di) and correlation index ( R2)were calculated. The results showed that all 14 correlation coefficients between 14 morphological characters and the weight achieved were very significant difference（P＜0.01）levels . Full length ( X1) and body length (X2)gave predominant direct effect (P1=0.283,P2=0.203) and determinacy on the live body weight , they are the key effective factors. It was clear from the result of high correlation index ( R2 = 0.978) that the path coefficient analysis could reveal the truthful relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The multiple regression equation obtained to estimate live body weight as Y = -9.603＋0.045X1+0.037X2＋0.081X3+0.130X7＋0.232X12,This paper provides theoretical evidence and perfect measure target for breeding of. Fenneropenaeus chinensis .     

Genetic improvement on Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis）： growth and viability performance in F1 hybrids of different populations

Fenneropenaeus chinensis distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Different geographical populations represent potentially different genetic resources. To learn further the characteristics of different geographical population, crosses among two wild and three farmed populations were produced. The two wild populations were from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea （WYP）, and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and coast （WKN）. The three farmed populations included the offspring of first generation of wild shrimp from coast in Korea （FKN）, the Huang Hai （the Yellow Sea in Chinese） No.1 （HH1）, and JK98. The phenotypes growth and survival rates of these populations were compared to confirm the feasibility for crossbreeding. The body length （BL）, carapace length （CL）. carapace width （CW）, height of the second and third abdominal segment （HST）, width of the second and third abdominal segment （WST）, length of the first abdominal segment （LF）, length of the last abdominal segment （LL）, live body weight （BW）, and survival rate were measured, Different combinations were statistically performed with ANOVA and Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test. The results show that the survival rate of JK98（♀）×WKN（♂） was the highest, followed by WYP（♀）×WKN（♂）, FKN（♀）×WYP（♂）, FKN（♀）×HHI（♂） and WYP（♀）×FKN（♂）; the body weight of FKN（♀）×HHI（♂） was the highest, followed by FKN（♀）×WYP（♂）, WYP（♀）×WKN（♂）, WYP（♀）×FKN（♂） and JK98（♀）×WKN（♂）; the total length had the same ranking as the body weight. All growth traits in hybrids JK98（♀）×WKN（♂） were the lowest among all combinations. F1 hybrids had significant difference （P〈0.05） in BL, CL, HST, LL, and BW; and insignificant difference （P〉0.05） in other growth traits and survival rate. The results of Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test are that BL and CL of J     

中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)“黄海1号”部分生长相关性状的QTL定位分析

在已构建好的中国对虾"黄海1号"F2代遗传连锁图谱上,使用WinQTLcart2.5软件进行复合区间作图定位,通过置换实验(1000次重复)确定连锁群显著性水平阈值。在对体重、各腹节长和尾节长8个性状的QTL定位分析中,共检测到29个QTL,其中与体重相关的QTL(BW1.2)、腹节1长相关的QTL(A1L2.1、A1L9.2、A1L17.3、A1L26.4)、腹节3长相关的QTL(A3L16.1)、腹节4长相关的QTL(A4L26.1)、腹节6长相关的QTL(A6L20.3)及尾节长相关的QTL(T3L17.3)等9个达到连锁群显著水平(P=0.05),对性状的贡献率为11.14%—23.60%,其中位于第16连锁群(LG16)上的与腹节3长相关的QTL(A3L16.1)的贡献率为23.60%,达到了极显著水平(P0.001),但它们的加性方向并不一样,除了与腹节1长相关的QTL(A1L2.1)和与腹节6长相关的QTL(A6L20.3)方向为负以外,其余7个主效QTL均呈正方向。本研究同时发现了与QTL紧密连锁的分子标记,如位于第1连锁群(LG1)上的分子标记D9f446、位于第17连锁群(LG17)上的M10f246、位于第26连锁群(LG26)上的SX18和位于第30连锁群(LG30)上的B2f260等,这些与QTL距离仅为0.01cM(厘摩)的分子标记,将为QTL精细定位提供参考。     

中国对虾雌虾的心率及有关影响因素的研究

１９９６年４月初在青岛近海捕成熟中国对虾雌虾,观察其在产卵期间的心率变化以及惊扰、温度、光照等条件对其心率的影响。结果表明,成熟雌虾的心率在静态时约为３８－７５次／ｍｉｎ,且与温度呈正相关;在受到惊扰时,心率急剧升至为静态水平的１．５倍,约３０ｍｉｎ后回落到静态水平,产有２－４ｈ,雌虾心率开始逐渐升高,产卵时达到１３０－１５０次／ｍｉｎ,约为静态心率的２－３倍,产卵后２－４ｈ回落到静态水平,光心率     

中国对虾雄地虾交配能力和精荚再生的研究

于１９８７年中国对虾雄对虾交配能力进行了实验观察,干１９９４,１９９５两年进行补充实验。结果证明,在实验室条件下,保持雄对虾的相对数量而且有充足雌对虾供交尾选择的情况下,中国对虾雄对虾在一个交配季节中的自然交配能力可达到３－４次;交配后生成新的精荚并再次发生交配的平均时间约为３ｄ,但部分雄对虾交配次日即可生成新的精荚并再次发生交配行为;雌雄性比５：１和２：１对雄对虾在整个交配季节中的累计平均交配率     

栉孔扇贝三倍体与二倍体的生长比较

近几年在我国栉孔扇贝养殖业中出现了单产降低、品质下降、大面积死亡问题 ,其主要原因是缺少生长快、品质优、抗逆能力强的养殖新品种。对于养殖贝类来说 ,性成熟往往导致生长抑制、抗逆性下降和肉质下降。目前广泛开展的多倍体贝类研究的主要目的是产生不育的三倍体 ,充分利用三倍体的不育性和生长优势 ,为海水养殖业健康、稳定、持续地发展提供技术支持。通过对栉孔扇贝三倍体和二倍体的生长比较 ,证实栉孔扇贝三倍体具养殖实用价值。１材料与方法１．１材料栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓ(Ａｚｕｍａｐｅｃｔｅｎ) ｆａｒｒｅｒｉ取自青岛太平…     

云纹石斑鱼(♀)×七带石斑鱼(♂)受精过程的观察

为研究杂交过程中精卵的结合以及相关生物学特征,作者利用扫描电镜观察了云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)卵子形态结构以及云纹石斑鱼♀×七带石斑鱼(E.septemfasciatus)♂杂交时的精子入卵过程。结果发现,云纹石斑鱼(♀)×七带石斑鱼(♂)杂交与亲本自交的精子入卵过程没有本质的区别。云纹石斑鱼卵表面布满纵横交错、走向不确定的网纹,在受精孔区可观察到前庭、受精孔和微小孔。成熟的精卵相遇时相互激活,产生一系列胞间反应。受精后0~25 s,可观察到精子附着在卵子受精孔周围;受精30~45 s,已有精子进入卵子,并且明显可见精子尾部留在受精孔外;精子入卵后,受精孔内有受精锥形成,周围可观察到絮状的受精塞,将受精孔封闭;授精90 s~3 min,卵表面处于修复状态。整个过程未发现有多精入卵的现象。     

中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)黄、渤海3个野生地理群遗传多样性的微卫星DNA分析

提要运用微卫星DNA技术，以中国对虾渤海湾群体(BH)、辽东湾群体(LD)和海州湾群体(HZ)的3个野生群共计60个个体为实验材料，进行了7个基因位点的遗传参数分析。同时对7对微卫星引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)进行了评估，EN0021位点提供的信息含量低于0.5，其他6对微卫星引物的PIC值均在0.5以上，适于应用于中国对虾的群体分析。结果表明，这7个微卫星位点在中国对虾3个地理群60个样品的分析中共获得了56个等位基因，对3个野生群体的7个基因位点共计21个群体位点进行了杂合度观测值(H0)和杂合度期望值(H0)计算；在Hardy-Weinberg平衡条件下，进行了P检验，发现BH和HZ各有1个群体位点发生平衡偏离，而LD有1个群体位点发生平衡偏离，还有2个群体位点已发生显著平衡偏离。但除此之外，对3个地理群间的遗传分化指数Fst值进行的计算结果表明，BH和LD之间遗传分化较弱，HZ与另2个地理群间则产生了中等程度的分化。从变异贡献率来看，有92.83％的遗传变异来自个体之间，只有7.17％的遗传变异来自群体之间。经过UPGMA聚类，发现BH群体和LD群体的亲缘关系较近，而HZ群体与前两者亲缘关系较远。     

铜对海带雌配子体和幼孢子体生长发育的影响

用不同浓度的铜来处理海带(Laminaria japomca Aresch)雌配子体和幼孢子体中,发现:①海带雌配子体和幼孢子体对微量的铜是很敏感的,在铜浓度为10ppb的情况下,营养生长和发育排卵受到了明显的抑制。②50ppb的铜可以完全抑制海带雌配子体的排卵。③在铜浓度为250ppb的情况下,雌配子体和幼孢子体不能健康生长,而趋于死亡。④海带幼孢子体对同一浓度铜的敏感性高于雌配子体。     

三疣梭子蟹4个野生群体肥满度的初步研究与比较分析

采用Le Cren相对状态指数Kn,比较4个野生群体(鸭绿江口、莱州湾、海州湾、舟山)三疣梭子蟹的肥满度情况,发现鸭绿江口>莱州湾>海州湾>舟山,其中10月中旬鸭绿江口群体与舟山群体肥满度存在极显著差异(P<0.01);4个野生群体雄性个体肥满度均大于雌性个体,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。三疣梭子蟹选育品系在养殖过程中肥满度为120日龄>100日龄>80日龄,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。