曼氏无针乌贼幼体生态因子耐受性的研究

研究了温度、盐度、pH值的变化对曼氏无针乌贼幼体成活率和活力的影响。结果表明，曼氏无针乌贼幼体的生存盐度为11．73～31．43，适宜盐度为19．61～26．18；生存水温为14～30℃，适宜水温为22～28℃；生存pH值为6．0～9．5，适宜pH值为7．5～8．5。说明环境因子变化对幼体存活有较大影响。乌贼幼体对渐变的适应性强，幼体成活率渐变大于突变，但温、盐度的耐受值宽度并未增大。     

Modulation of low-latitude west wind on abnormal track and intensity of tropical cyclone Nargis (2008) in the Bay of Bengal

Tropical cyclone (TC) Nargis (2008) made landfall in Myanmar on 02 May 2008, bringing a storm surge, major flooding, and resulting in a significant death toll. TC Nargis (2008) displayed abnormal features, including rare eastward motion in its late stage, rapid intensification before landing. Using reanalysis data and a numerical model, we investigated how a low-latitude westerly wind modulated TC Nargis’ (2008) track and provided favorable atmospheric conditions for its rapid intensification. More importantly, we found a possible counterbalance effect of flows from the two hemispheres on the TC track in the Bay of Bengal. Our analysis indicates that a strong westerly wind burst across the Bay of Bengal, resulting in TC Nargis’ (2008) eastward movement after its recurvature. This sudden enhancement of westerly wind was mainly due to the rapidly intensified mid-level cross-equatorial flow. Our results show that a high-pressure system in the Southern Hemisphere induced this strong, mid-level, cross-equatorial flow. During the rapid intensification period of TC Nargis (2008), this strong and broad westerly wind also transported a large amount of water vapor to TC Nargis (2008). Sufficient water vapor gave rise to continuously high and increased mid-level relative humidity, which was favorable to TC Nargis’ (2008) intensification. Condensation of water vapor increased the energy supply, which eventuated the intensification of TC Nargis (2008) to a category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale.     

Heat injury risk assessment for single-cropping rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under climate change

Under global warming, the risk of heat injury for crops increases, which leads to increasing instability in agricultural production. In this study, based on phenological observation data and yield data during 1981-2011 and daily meteorological data during 1961-2011 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR), the risk of heat injury for single-cropping rice in this area and its response to climate change were assessed and analyzed. The risk was decomposed into such elements as hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and disaster prevention/mitigation capacity, in accordance with natural disaster risk assessment theory and the formation mechanisms of agrometeorological disasters.First, a hazard assessment model was established to identify spatiotemporal variations of the heat injury in the MLRYR during 1961-2011, and the relationship between heat injury hazard and air temperature was analyzed to identify the response of hazard to climate change. It was found that the heat injury hazard of single-cropping rice was positively correlated with the mean and maximum temperatures during the rice heading period of 20 days, with the hazard increasing sharply when the mean temperature exceeded 26.5°C and the maximum temperature exceeded 31°C. Then, exposure, vulnerability, and disaster prevention/mitigation capacity were also quantitatively examined. The results show that vulnerability and hazard were the two most important factors in the heat injury risk assessment for single-cropping rice at most stations in the MLRYR.The risk assessment considering only the first three natural elements produced high-risk values (> 0.46) mainly in the northeast of the study area. By adding the regional capability in disaster prevention/mitigation into account, the risk assessment produced high-risk values in a much smaller area in the northeast but some-what larger areas in the southwest of the study domain. In general, the risk of heat injury differed greatly within the MLRYR. Particular rice varieties should be adopted for specific regions, according to the local risk features quantified by this study. Under the warming climate, the risk of heat injury for single-cropping rice is likely to continue to increase.     

化州暴雨气候特征分析及极端事件重现期计算

利用化州1959年以来的降水资料,对化州暴雨气候变化特征进行分析,在此基础上,研究极端降水的重现期,以期为化州市洪涝灾害的防范和风险管理提供一定的参考数据。统计分析表明,化州年暴雨日数与年雨量之间相关性较好,连续性暴雨多发生在龙舟水以及台风影响期间;暴雨日数、年暴雨量变化趋势显著;暴雨日数1964年发生了突变;暴雨日数、暴雨量存在11年的主要准周期;计算重现期,化州50a一遇的最大日降水量为395.2mm,100a一遇的最大日降水量为451.2mm。     

朝阳市种植业结构调整优化模型

近年来,中国学者在资源配置、农作物种植结构优化模型方面做了大量工作. 如齐文虎、杨永歧、孙玉亭、马树庆、郭建平、李湘阁、于系民等均从不同角度,探讨了如何合理利用气候资源,建立了单目标线性规划模型,为调整优化种植业或大农业的种植结构提供了可靠的依据和良好的建议.王丙昆等、刘文俊等,还分别建立了多目标线性规划模型和二次规划模型, 为当地的大农业和作物布局调整提供了依据.何维勋应用单目标非线性规划方法研究了防御冷害的作物布局.文中拟以朝阳市种植业结构调整优业模型为主题,在前人已经建立的单目标和多目标两种线性规划、单目标非线性规划优化模型基础上,尝试建立多目标非线性规划和动态规划等两种优化模型.然后连同单目标线性、非线性规划和多目标线性规划一起共5种模型进行对比分析,并与朝阳市的种植业现状进行比较,选出最适合朝阳市种植业结构调整的优化模型.     

传感器通道的全最小二乘方法拟合

运用传感器的静态标定值,拟合信号调理器的传输函数,使由传感器和信号调理器共同组成的传感器通道的传输函数为线性函数。针对这种情况,论述并证明了用全最小二乘法比用最小二乘法能获得更高的拟合精度。     

冻土带砂金矿再生机理的初步模拟实验研究——含Au(Ⅲ)、Au(0)的NaCl溶液单向冻结实验

文章首次报道了含不同价态金的ＮａＣｌ溶液在单向冻结条件下，其中的Ａｕ（Ⅲ）、Ａｕ（０）浓度及盐度的变化特征。实验结果表明，冻结过程中，由于“盐析作用”的结果，金元素及盐分离子发生强烈迁移，大量富集在未冻液中。在常温及零温条件下，Ａｕ（Ⅲ）稳定，Ａｕ（０）最不稳定，极易发生沉淀。表明冻土带砂金矿再生的关键可能就在于如何使金的价态发生变化，从而导致未冻液中金元素的沉淀，以及使分散在沉积物中的微细粒金进一步富集、长大。     

莱州湾海岸带土壤光谱分析与有机质反演研究

利用土壤光谱反射率预测海岸带典型土壤有机质含量。对莱州湾海岸带典型地区97个土壤样本的光谱反射率特性进行分析,把光谱曲线划分为4个区域,提取每个区域的代表性特征参数,与土壤有机质含量进行相关性分析,最终选用458～587.1nm区间的挠度(相关系数达0.87)作为自变量进行模型回归,并利用均方根误差(RMSE)和预测残差(RPD)进行模型检验与评价。结果表明,以458～587.1nm区间的挠度作为自变量建立的对数函数预测模型具有较高的精度和稳定性,经验证计算出其RMSE为0.39,RPD为2.5,该模型应用效果较好。     

水平井分段完井不同分段模式优化研究

运用势的叠加原理和镜像反映原理,导出了水平井任意分段模式下井筒与油藏渗流耦合产能计算模型,用该模型可以
计算任意分段模式下水平井的产能,通过对比不同分段模式下的水平井产能,可以对分段进行优化,从而指导分段完井方案的制
定。研究结果表明:当打开程度一定时,不同分段模式对产量影响不大;产量随着打开程度的提高而增加,但当打开程度大于40%
时,产量增幅趋于平缓,因此,打开程度必须大于打开临界程度,这样既减小了因分段而牺牲的产量又达到了分段的目的;井筒摩
阻对产量影响较大,在进行分段优化时,必须考虑井筒摩阻的影响,从而优选盲管段的位置。      

三疣梭子蟹早期发育阶段的耗氧量、耗氧率与体质量的关系

分析测定了未经处理的普通三疣梭子蟹和经过溶藻弧菌感染筛选的三疣梭子蟹从第Ⅰ期溞状幼体(Z1)到第Ⅳ期仔蟹(C4)各发育阶段的耗氧量和耗氧率,比较了两类梭子蟹的耗氧情况,并研究了三疣梭子蟹体质量与溶解氧需求的关系。结果表明:两类三疣梭子蟹早期发育阶段的体质量与耗氧量、耗氧率均呈幂函数关系,耗氧量随体质量的增加而增加,耗氧率则随体质量的增加而降低;各发育阶段普通蟹和筛选蟹体质量差异不显著;在Z1期和Z3期,筛选蟹的耗氧率显著低于普通蟹(P<0.01),Z2期筛选蟹的耗氧率显著高于普通蟹(P<0.01),Z4期至仔蟹期,两类梭子蟹耗氧率差异不显著(P>0.01)。