Involvement of cyclic electron flow in irradiance stress responding and its potential regulation of the mechanisms in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pyropia yezoensis</Emphasis>

Pyropia yezoensis, belongs to the genus of Porphyra before 2011, inhabit on intertidal zone rocks where irradiation changes dramatically, implying that the seaweed has gained certain mechanisms to survive a harsh environment. Based on the photosynthetic parameters with or without the inhibitors determined by a Dual-PAM-100 apparatus, we investigated the photosynthetic performance and the changes in electron flow that occurred during the algae were stressed with different light intensities previously. When the irradiation saturation was approaching, the CEF around PS I became crucial since the addition of inhibitors usually led to an increase in non-photochemical quenching. The inhibitor experiments showed that there were at least three different CEF pathways in Py. yezoensis and these pathways compensated each other. In addition to maintaining a proper ratio of ATP/NAD(P)H to support efficient photosynthesis, the potential roles of CEF might also include the regulation of different photoprotective mechanisms in Py. yezoensis. Under the regulation of CEF, chlororespiration is thought to transport electrons from the reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool to oxygen in order to mitigate the reduction in the electron transfer chain. When irradiation was up to the high-grade stress conditions, the relative value of CEF began to decrease, which implied that the NADP⁺ pool or PQ⁺ pool was very small and that the electrons were transferred from reduced PS I to oxygen. The scavenging enzymes might be activated and the water-water cycle probably became an effective means of removing the active oxygen produced by the irradiation stressed Py. yezoensis. We believe that the different mechanisms could make up the photoprotective network to allow Py. yezoensis for survival in a highly variable light stress habitat, which may enlighten scientists in future studies on irradiance stress in other algae species.     

钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白和多管藻R-藻红蛋白的分离纯化及摩尔消光系数的测定

１９９３年１１月～１９９４年１月用简单的羟基磷灰石柱层析法从多管藻中分 离纯化了Ｒ－藻红蛋白和从钝顶螺旋藻中纯化了Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白，它们的纯度（指可见 光部分的最大吸收与 ２８０ｎｍ处吸收值之比）可分别达到 ６（Ｒ－藻红蛋白）和 ５． ５（Ｃ－ 藻蓝蛋白）。由于不同藻种的同种藻胆蛋白的摩尔消光系数不同，所以应用凯氏定 氮法并结合可见光的吸收值测定了上述两种藻胆蛋白的摩尔消光系数，钝顶螺旋 藻Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白为１．８５３ × １０６ｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１（６２０ｎｍ），多管藻Ｒ－藻红蛋白为１．７９６ × １０６ｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１（４９８ｎｍ），为藻胆蛋白的浓度测定提供了方便。     

Identification and bioinformatics analysis of microRNAs from the sporophyte and gametophyte of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pyropia haitanensis</Emphasis>

Pyropia haitanensis (T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng) N. Kikuchi et M. Miyata (Porphyra haitanensis) is an economically important genus that is cultured widely in China. P. haitanensis is cultured on a larger scale than Pyropia yezoensis, making up an important part of the total production of cultivated Pyropia in China. However, the majority of molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological processes of P. haitanensis remain unknown. P. haitanensis could utilize inorganic carbon and the sporophytes of P. haitanensis might possess a PCK-type C₄-like carbon-fixation pathway. To identify microRNAs and their probable roles in sporophyte and gametophyte development, we constructed and sequenced small RNA libraries from sporophytes and gametophytes of P. haitanensis. Five microRNAs were identified that shared no sequence homology with known microRNAs. Our results indicated that P. haitanensis might posses a complex sRNA processing system in which the novel microRNAs act as important regulators of the development of different generations of P. haitanensis.     

蛋白质组学的研究概况及其在海洋生物学中的应用

随着DNA序列测定技术的飞速发展，人们可以在很短的时间内获得某种生物基因组的全序列。生物体的生命活动主要依赖于基因组的产物——蛋白质组，但是蛋白质组的研究相对于基因组来说却要复杂得多。蛋白质组技术是在细胞内整体蛋白质水平上进行研究，从蛋白质整体活动的角度来研究生命活动的规律。综述了蛋白质组和蛋白质组学出现的背景、起源、概念、研究技术、研究内容、面对的挑战、开展该项研究的意义、陆生动植物和微生物蛋白质组学的研究进展及海洋生物蛋白质组学的研究概况。目前，普通生物方面的蛋白质组工作开展得较多，海洋生物方面却相对滞后。种种迹象表明，开展海洋生物蛋白质组学研究，对揭示生命的奥秘、促进海洋资源的开发都有重大的推动作用。     

绿藻氢化酶及其产氢代谢的分子生物学研究进展

随着全球工业的迅猛发展,对能源的需求量大幅增加,由于不可再生的矿物能源储量有限,导致能源危机逐渐映现,因此,开发可再生的洁净新能源成为亟待解决的全球性问题.H2由于其能量密度高,燃烧后只生成水,不造成任何污染,成为最理想的可再生能源之一.在各种制氢方法中,绿藻制氢以太阳能为能源,以水为原料,通过光解水制取H2,是目前生物制氢技术研究的热点.     

适用于条斑紫菜的双向电泳样品制备方法

为了建立适于条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)蛋白质组学分析的的样品提取方法, 作者以条斑紫菜叶状体为材料, 比较了饱和硫酸铵沉淀法、三氯乙酸/丙酮沉淀法和酚提取方法3 种方法对条斑紫菜叶状体总蛋白的提取效果。结果表明, 针对条斑紫菜叶状体细胞中含有大量多糖, 多酚化合物, 色素等干扰物质的特点, 通过酚提取方法能有效去除这些干扰杂质, 得到清晰、稳定、干净的双向电泳图谱和相对较多的蛋白质点数, 为提高其他大型海藻的总可溶性蛋白提取效率提供了重要参考。     

藻胆蛋白的研究概况(Ⅱ)——藻胆蛋白的结构及其光谱特性

１藻胆蛋白的一级结构与特异位点的修饰目前,已经对一些藻胆蛋白的一级结构进行了测定。测定的方法有两种,一种是直接测定,另一种是测定相应基因的核苷酸序列再反推其氨基酸序列。通过对一级结构的比较分析,发现藻胆蛋白在某些位点处的氨基酸残基相当保守,并且认为这些位点在保证色基的构象以及蛋白质分子稳定性方面具有重要的意义。在一级结构分析中,还发现了一个相当有意义的现象,即在所有已测定的藻胆蛋白分子中,其β亚基的７２位均为经过修饰的γＮ甲酰天冬酰胺残基,这是经蛋白质的转译后修饰而产生的,而且不论是原核藻类还是真核藻类的…     

坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)丝状孢子体EST的获取及其生物信息学分析

采用改进的一步法提取坛紫菜丝状孢子体的总RNA,构建了坛紫菜丝状孢子体的cDNA文库,对测序得到的EST进行分析并与条斑紫菜的EST相比较。结果表明,cDNA文库共包含2.5×105个克隆,测序得到490个EST,其中275个与已知功能基因同源,占56.1%,260个EST与已知的条斑紫菜EST同源,占53.0%。使用GO(Gene Ontology)分类方法对275个EST进行分类,其中226个可归属于细胞组分(Cellular component)、分子功能(Molecular function)和生物学过程(Biological process)三个大类,而其余49个则为未知功能的EST。挑选出与条斑紫菜同源性高的28个EST,这些EST所包括的密码子数为3221个,发现密码子第三位的平均GC含量远高于第一位的平均GC含量和第二位的平均GC含量。统计坛紫菜丝状孢子体3221个密码子的使用频率,发现同义密码子第三位碱基偏好使用G或C。     

UV-B辐射增强对孔石莼生长和孢子萌发的影响

测定了不同辐射强度的中波紫外线(UV-B)对潮间带海藻—孔石莼相对生长率、光合生理活性以及孢子萌发情况的影响。研究表明:UV-B抑制孔石莼的生长,随着辐射强度增加,抑制作用加强,同时UV-B也会抑制孢子萌发,4 kJ/m~2的辐射强度即可达到明显的抑制作用。此外,UV-B辐射使孔石莼叶绿素荧光参数(F_v/F_m、Y_Ⅰ、Y_Ⅱ)值降低,随着处理时间延长,孔石莼光合生理活性显著降低。相对于光系统Ⅰ,光系统Ⅱ对于UV-B造成的环境胁迫更为敏感。本研究为UV-B可能影响其他潮间带生物或生态系统的研究提供了理论基础。     

钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白和多管藻R-藻红蛋白的分离纯化及摩尔消光系数的测定

１９９３年１１月￣１９９４年１月用简单的羟基磷灰石柱层析法从多管藻中分离纯化了Ｒ－藻红蛋白和从钝顶螺旋藻中纯化了Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白，它们的纯度（指可见光部分的最大吸收与２８０ｎｍ处吸收值之比）可分别达到６（Ｒ－藻红蛋白）和５．５（Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白）。由于不同藻种的同种藻胆蛋白的摩尔消光系数不同，所以应用凯氏定氮法并结合可见光的吸收值测定了上述两种藻胆蛋白的摩尔消光系数，钝顶螺旋藻Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白为１．８５３×１