基于多种测绘装备协同工作在白河滑坡灾害中的应用

无人机低空摄影测量技术在应对各类地质灾害方面有着明显优势。本文以安康市白河县茅坪镇山体滑坡灾害为例,介绍了灾害应急中两大无人机系统以及IBIS微形变监测设备所发挥的巨大作用,阐述了无人机飞行设计、现场快速影像处理技术、灾区三维模型构建技术以及潜在危险区域形变量实时监测,并通过获取的数据成果对灾情进行了分析。     

CORS网区域重力场变化与地面稳定性跟踪监测方法

为了实现地面稳定性降低时间与地点、持续作用时间与空间影响分布的全面跟踪监测,该文基于卫星定位连续运行站(CORS)站网观测数据,结合地表水、大气及海平面变化资料,提出了CORS站网时变重力场及负荷形变场精化的已知负荷移去恢复法,建立了基于时变重力场的确定性地面稳定性变化定量辨识准则。以丽水温州地区为例,利用2015-2017年CORS网及有关水文观测数据进行计算分析,根据40起已发生的历史地质灾害(险情)事件对结果进行验证:丽水温州地区的CORS网具备区域重力场变化与地面稳定性跟踪监测能力,具备地质灾害灾变过程追踪与前兆捕获能力,CORS站网的地质灾害前兆提前捕获率可达92.5%。     

Convection:a neglected pathway for downward transfer of wind energy in the oceanic mixed layer

Upper-ocean turbulent mixing plays a vital role in mediating air-sea fluxes and determining mixed-layer properties, but its energy source, especially that near the base of the mixed layer, remains unclear. Here we report a potentially significant yet rarely discussed pathway to turbulent mixing in the convective mixed layer. During convection, as surface fluid drops rapidly in the form of convective plumes, intense turbulence kinetic energy(TKE) generated via surface processes such as wave breaking is advected downward, enhancing TKE and mixing through the layer. The related power, when integrated over the global ocean except near the surface where the direct effect of breaking waves dominates, is estimated at O(1)TW, comparable to that required by maintaining the Meridional Overturning Circulation(MOC). The mechanism in question therefore deserves greater research attention, especially in view of the potential significance of its proper representation in climate models.     

地幔不均一性与地幔循环的多维表征和原因思考

地幔早先经核- 幔- 壳分异形成,后受不同尺度对流和循环的影响,因而具有不均一性特征。近三十年来,地幔化学通过研究大洋玄武岩发现了多样地幔端元和非放射性同位素证据并证明了地幔不均一性,逐渐建全了地幔地球化学体系。然而,地幔不均一性如何对应于时空尺度的地幔循环,以及地球演化如何影响地幔不均一性等,仍不清楚。此外,地球物理研究显示,岩石圈厚度差异、中下地幔的波速异常体以及俯冲板片形态的观测为纵横向对流系统提供了空间不均一性证据支持。联合地球化学和地球物理手段对研究地幔不均一性至关重要,用好透视地幔成分与结构的“双目镜”已成为共识。本文从地幔不均一性结合地球化学场、地球物理的不同表现形式,以及现今及历史时期的洋陆格局的对比,多维度联系地幔循环和演化,思考了超大陆旋回与地幔不均一化的内在逻辑。强调了从全球演化角度看地幔不均一性的重要性和提出多手段联合建立地幔循环驱动模型的展望。     

WIN 2000的入侵检测系统实例分析

入侵检测系统能发觉入侵行为并且采取相应的措施。它通过对计算机网络或计算机系统中的若干关键点收集信息并对其进行分析,从中发现网络或系统中是否有违反安全策略的行为和被攻击的迹象。该文通过对WIN2000下的入侵检测的一个实例进行分析,总结了几点应对入侵的具体措施,旨在为网络管理员提供借鉴。     

迭代法建立的低频模型在储层反演中的应用

储层预测的精度直接制约着油气开发的经济性与有效性,而低频信息的补偿是改善储层反演效果的有利途径之一.常规的测井曲线内插低通滤波建模方法难以精细表征复杂地质背景下的低频模型.为降低研究区特殊地质体对储层反演带来的影响,采用迭代法建立低频模型,建模中分步考虑压实作用、特殊岩性等因素影响,并通过反演效果不断迭代更新低频模型,...     

全球集装箱航运企业的航线网络格局及影响因素

采用船期表数据,以全球前20位航运企业中的18家为研究对象,剖析各企业航线网络的异同点,并探讨企业航线配置的影响因素。研究表明：各企业航线网络均具有小世界和无标度特征,东亚是航班的首要集聚区,并且均为轴辐连接与点对点连接并存的混合式网络;各企业航线网络的市场广度和深度各异,根据航班的空间分布特征可将企业划分为4种类型,其中高丽海运、汉堡南美、阿拉伯轮船和万海航运专注于特定区域的细分市场,且拥有不同于全球枢纽港的企业枢纽港;港口腹地货源、港口自然条件及作业效率、海运保护政策、企业自身能力等是影响企业航线布局的重要因素。本研究有助于揭示航运企业的航线组织模式,为港口管理者决策提供参考。     

基于16S rRNA 部分序列探讨部分鳚亚目鱼类的分子系统进化关系

通过PCR扩增获得了3科5属6种中国黄渤海海域的鳚亚目(Blennioidei)鱼类的线粒体16S rRNA基因序列片段约669bp碱基,结合来自 GenBank的5种鳚亚目其他科鱼类的相应基因片段,并以眼斑雪冰鱼(Chionodraco rastrospinosus)为外群,生成供系统发育分析的序列矩阵,利用MEGA 4.0软件分析序列的碱基组成、差异百分比、转换/颠换值等,应用最大简约法(MP)和邻接法(NJ)构建系统发育树.结果显示:在鳚亚目鱼类的16S rRNA 片段生成的序列矩阵中发现有碱基的插入缺失现象,共有207 bp变异位点,转换/颠换值为0.8,碱基平均差异为3.36;支持绵鳚(Enchelyopus elongates)归于鳚亚目绵鳚科(Zoarcidae),鳚(Azuma emmnion)归于鳚亚目线鳚科(Stichaeidae);方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和云鳚(Enedrias nebulosus)种间遗传距离只有0.01,亲缘关系最近.     

基于微卫星(SSR)分子标记的中国对虾渤海湾增殖亲虾群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性分析

Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.