江西赣州井水位动态特征及干扰因素分析

以赣州井2007年6月-2011年9月水位观测数据为研究对象,辅以水文和气象资料作对比分析,运用数理方法分析水位动态变化特征。通过分析发现,赣州井水位动态变化的主要干扰因素是降水渗入和贡水水位。另外,在无降水和地震的情况下,水位也表现出有明显的潮汐和气压效应。     

The potential impacts of warmer-continent-related lower-layer equatorial westerly wind on tropical cyclone initiation

Global climate models predict that the increasing Amazonian-deforestation rates cause rising tempera- tures (increases of 1.8℃ to 8℃ under different conditions) and Amazonian drying over the 21st century. Observations in the 20th century also show that over the warmer continent and the nearby western South At- lantic Ocean, the lower-layer equatorial westerly wind (LLEWW) strengthens with the initiation of tropical cyclones (TCs). The warmer-continent-related LLEWW can result from the Coriolis-force-induced deflection of the cross-equatorial flow (similar to the well-known heat-island effect on sea breeze) driven by the enhanced land-sea contrast between the warmer urbanized continents and relatively cold oceans. This study focuses on the processes relating the warmer-continent-related LLEWW to the TC initiation and demonstrates that the LLEWW embedded in trade easterlies can directly initiate TCs by creating cyclonic wind shears and forming the intertropical convergence zone. In addition to this direct effect, the LLEWW combined with the rotating Earth can boost additional updraft vapor over the high sea-surface temperature region (factor 1), facilitating a surface-to-midtroposphere moist layer (factor 2) and convective instability (factor 3) followed by diabatic processes. According to previous studies, the diabatic heating in a finite equatorial region also activates TCs (factor 4) on each side of the Equator with weak vertical shear (factor 5). Factors 1-5 are favorable conditions for the initiation of severe TCs. Statistical analyses show that the earliest signal of sustained LLEWW not only leads the earliest signal of sustained tropical depression by >3 days but also explains a higher percentage of total variance.     

云南富乐分散元素铅锌多金属矿床成矿流体特征

富乐多金属矿床位于川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿区南东部,位于扬子地块西南缘的川滇黔多金属成矿带是我国乃至世界上重要的分散元素成矿域,该区是我国重要的铅、锌、镉、硒、锗生产基地之一,目前已发现大、中、小型铅锌多金属矿床和矿点400多个,富乐铅锌多金属矿床位于该成矿域南东部,其铅锌储量规模属中型,但是伴生Cd、Se、Ge、Ga多种分散元素储量规模分别达到大型、大型、大型、小型.     

新疆西天山色勒特果勒还原性斑岩-矽卡岩铜钼矿床中石榴子石分带及其成因

新疆色勒特果勒铜钼矿床是形成于晚古生代准噶尔洋向伊犁板块俯冲环境中的斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床。矿体主要产于闪长斑岩、石英闪长斑岩和斑岩体与围岩的接触带矽卡岩中。矿区发育大量的磁黄铁矿,未见原生的磁铁矿、赤铁矿以及石膏等高氧逸度矿物。矿区内的矽卡岩呈层状、似层状产在石炭系东图津河组中。石榴子石在矽卡岩中大量发育,是矽卡岩中最主要的造岩矿物,根据其颜色和形态的变化,主要可以分为3类:(1)内矽卡岩及岩体中的红色石榴子石;(2)岩体与灰岩接触带矽卡岩中的棕色石榴子石;(3)靠近灰岩的灰绿色石榴子石。流体包裹体激光拉曼分析结果显示,矿区内流体包裹体的气相成分大部分为甲烷(CH_4),结合矿区内大量发育的低氧逸度矿物,说明色勒特果勒是一个还原性的斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床。文章对不同类型的石榴子从中心向边缘做了详细的电子探针分析。结果显示,3种石榴子石成分都以钙铝榴石为主,说明这些石榴子石是在酸性还原的条件下形成的。棕色石榴子石具有明显的振荡环带,端员组分随着振荡环带的变化具有较明显差异,其振荡环带有效的记录了成矿热液的演化过程,为示踪成矿流体组成、性质和氧逸度变化提供了重要的信息。     

贵州天柱大河边铅锌矿床的发现及其意义

大河边重晶石矿床是一个世界级的超大型重晶石矿床。最近在该区重晶石矿床下部的震旦系陡山沱组碳酸盐岩(白云岩)和碎屑岩中,新发现一套规模较大、层位产出稳定的铅锌矿化。铅锌矿体和重晶石矿床具有"上部为重晶矿,下部为铅锌硫化物矿床"的矿化特征。铅锌矿段矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、黄铁矿及方铅矿,含少量白铁矿、黄铜矿及磁黄铁矿;脉石矿物主要为石英和重晶石,少量白云石、热液磷灰石、炭沥青及钡冰长石。成矿流体特征类似于形成沉积喷流型铅锌矿床的流体特征。铅锌矿化中的硫源自局限海盆内早寒武世海水经硫酸盐还原作用提供。此种类似于喷流沉积型铅锌矿床在南华裂谷盆地一带矿化层位稳定、分布范围较广泛,体现早寒武世时在裂谷盆地内存在一次大规模的热液事件。天柱大河边铅锌矿床的发现具有重要的资源意义及区内该种矿床的勘查意义。     

顾及地形的滇中引水工程最低成本线路研究

以滇中引水工程线路规划为例,以资源三号测绘卫星ZY-3 DSM为数据源,以均值变点分析法为理论依据,借助Python语言编程实现研究区地势起伏度最佳统计单元的确定,并运用GIS技术生成地势起伏度和坡度图。再运用专家打分评价方法,确定地势起伏度和坡度的权重,采用基于栅格的成本加权分析法,构建滇中引水工程地形成本栅格。在此基础上,将引水工程线路规划问题转化为GIS最低成本路径求解问题,以栅格数据Dijkstra算法为基础,求解出滇中引水工程最低成本线路。从地形的角度,研究了复杂地形状况下滇中引水工程智能线路规划的方法,可为引水工程提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

高温下石灰岩和砂岩膨胀特性的试验研究

利用自行研制的高温岩石膨胀特性试验装置,对石灰岩和砂岩试件300～700 ℃高温过程中的膨胀特性进行试验研究。试验结果表明,升温过程中,石灰岩和砂岩的膨胀应力随温度的增加而增大,且砂岩膨胀速率比石灰岩大,刚到700 ℃时砂岩膨胀应力是石灰岩的2.45倍。升温过程中膨胀应力与温度曲线的拟合函数为2次抛物线,相关系数达0.94以上。恒温过程中,随时间延长2种岩石的膨胀应力缓慢增加,最后逐渐趋于稳定的数值。600 ℃高温后2种岩石膨胀均达到极限,但具体表现不同,700 ℃恒温结束时砂岩稳态膨胀应力是石灰岩的3.14倍。岩石热膨胀应力变化与其岩性、内部矿物分解、孔隙率变化、声速变化等有显著关系。     

非线性插值地震射线追踪方法

针对走时线性插值法(LTI)的计算精度问题,利用非线性插值替代传统的线性插值。该方法利用边界上多个节点的走时,使得插值误差减小,从而提高整体边界网格离散点走时精度,同时保留LTI所具有快速、全局性的优点。数值模拟结果表明,非线性插值算法比LTI算法精度高,可以追踪包括直达波、折射波、透射波等多种射线路径,适合速度突变模型。     

我国海洋光学遥感应用科学研究的新进展

20世纪90年代以来,我国航天遥感事业的发展促进了海洋光学应用科学的发展,特别是通过近几年来,国家“863”高新技术计划的实施,在该方面有了新进展。文章将着重介绍光学遥感信息的大气校正、光学遥感海洋环境信息提取、光学遥感在赤潮与溢油监测等3个方面的应用科学新进展,并提出了在我国进一步深入开展海洋光学遥感应用科学技术研究的建议。     

INTERANNUAL AND INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS OF LARGE-SCALE MOISTURE SINKS OVER GUANGDONG

The interannual and interdecadal variations of moisture sinks over Guangdong are discussed with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and observed precipitation data from 1958 to 2004. The results indicate that climatically, the amount of precipitation is larger than that of evaporation in spring and summer.Precipitation and evaporation almost balance each other in autumn and the amount of evaporation is larger than that of precipitation in winter. The interannual signal dominates the variations of moisture sinks in all seasons in Guangdong with a period of three-year oscillation in autumn and winter. Remarkable interdecadal signal characterized by a period of three-decade oscillation can be identified for winter and spring from seasonally averaged moisture sink data and from annually moisture data, with variance percentage larger than 40%. This result indicates that Guangdong is at a transitional stage from positive anomalies to negative anomalies. The moisture sink anomalies in winter and following spring over Guangdong are usually in-phase. Besides, there exist periodic oscillations with periods of 10 to 15 years in summer and autumn. The positive (negative) anomalies of moisture sinks over Guangdong are due to the intensified (weakened) moisture from the tropical areas being transported to the Southern China, accompanied by an intensified (weakened) moisture convergence.