A CASE STUDY ON CONCENTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION：BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF SPATIAL EVOLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AREA，NANJING，CHINA

In rapid socio-economic development,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously influencing the shaping and transformation of the space in metropolitan area.Survey of spatial concentration and decentralization has thus become a basic method in examining metropolitan spatial evolution.In this research,three elements were selected as the essential indicators of the process:demographic density distribu-tion,employment density distribution and business office location.Performance of these elements in Nanjing City was exam-ined historically.As Nanjing City could be regarded as a representative of metropolitan areas in China,its situation large-ly suggestes the general characteristics in similar areas of China.Hence based on the investigation of Nanjing City,four general implications were highlighted.First ,metropolitan areas in China are in a violent process and shift of spatial concentra-tion and decentralization.Second,from now to at least the near future,concentration will continue to be the central fea-ture.Third,the landscape of metropolitan areas basically exhibits a dual structure character.The gap in environmental and ecological qualities among different districts will continue for a long time.Fourth,Central Business District (CBD) is playing an important role in helping to convert the traditionally single-centered city structure into a polycentric one.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOODING AND DROUGHT CLAMITY DURING PAST 1500 YEARS IN THE HAI′AN REGION，JIANGSU PROVINCE

Collection and arrangement of the historical records of climatic changes and environment evolution,espectial-lyin the aspect of calamities,are made on the history documents of past 1500 years about Haiˊan region,Jiangsu Province.There existed two obvious flooding-drought frequently-occurring periods:one was from 1550 AD to 1850 AD and another was 100 AD to 1200AD.The period of 1550 AD to1850 AD is interrupted by two relatively arid and cold climatic periods:one was from 1630 AD to 1700 AD and another was 1750 AD to 1820 AD.The main characteristic of the calamity periods is that they occurred by turns,and sometimes,both drought and flooding occurred in the same year.The instability of the climatic changes in the Little Ice Age may be the main reason of the frequently-occurring flooding and drought in Haiˊan region.Research results also show that the frequently-occurring periods of flooding and drought is in close relationship with the solar activity,and therefore,occurrence of the flooding and drought may be in relation with the intensity of the solar activity.This hypothesis may need further study in the future.     

虚拟现实技术在地理信息系统中的应用

本文分析了虚拟现实技术的构成和技术特点，介绍了虚拟地理信息系统（VR－GIS）的特点及其应用。     

松辽流域东南部地区“95．7”特大洪水分析

从降水过程，暴雨时空分布，洪水发生时间及过程，洪水组成特征和洪水稀遇程度等几方面，分析了1995年7月中，下旬发生在松辽流域东南部地区的特大洪水。     

北半球高纬地区年际尺度循环过程中的气-海-冰相互作用关系

基于一个全球气-海-冰耦合模式数值模拟结果,对北半球高纬度地区年际尺度的气-海-冰相互作用进行了分析.在所使用的全球气-海-冰耦合模式中,大气环流模式和陆面过程模式来自国家气候中心,海洋环流模式和海冰模式来自中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室.采用一种逐日通量距平耦合方案实现次网格尺度海冰非均匀条件下大气环流模式和海洋环流模式在高纬地区的耦合.只对50 a模拟结果中的后30 a结果进行了分析.在分析中,首先对滤波后的北半球高纬度地区海平面气压、表面大气温度、海表面温度、海冰密集度及海表面感热通量的标准化距平做联合复经验正交函数分解,取第一模进行重建,然后讨论了在一个循环周期(约4 a)中北半球高纬度地区气-海-冰的作用关系.结果表明(1)当北大西洋涛动处于正位相时,格陵兰海出现南风异常,使表面大气温度升高,海洋失去感热通量减少,海洋表面温度升高,海冰密集度减小;当北大西洋涛动处于负位相时,格陵兰海出现北风异常,使表面大气温度降低,海洋失去感热通量增多,海洋表面温度降低,海冰密集度增加.巴伦支海变化特点与格陵兰海相似,但在时间上并不完全一致.(2)多年平均而言,北冰洋内部靠近极点区域为冷中心.当北冰洋内部为低压异常时,因异常中心偏向太平洋一侧,使北冰洋内部靠近太平洋部分为暖平流异常,靠近大西洋一侧为冷平流异常.伴随着暖、冷平流异常,这两侧分别出现暖异常和冷异常,海表面给大气的感热通量分别偏少和偏多,上述海区海表面温度分别偏高和偏低,海冰密集度分别偏小和偏大.当北冰洋内部为高压异常时特点正好与上述相反.由上述分析结果可知,在海洋、大气年际循环中,大尺度大气环流变率起主导作用,海洋表面温度和海冰密集度变化主要是对大气环流变化的响应.     

不稳定边界层下地形重力内波

水槽实验及线性理论研究表明,当低层大气处于近中性或不稳定时,如果地形引起的动力扰动足够强,地形扰动可在上部稳定层结中激发出重力内波,波动反过来影响低层流场,引起动量输送。低层大气处于近中性或不稳定时,地形波同样对大气运动可产生波阻,这应引起模式工作者的重视。最后讨论了大气粘性对中性或不稳定层结下地形波的影响。     

油气勘探数据仓库的建设及春相关技术

从油气勘探的角度阐述了数据仓库在该领域的应用，并从油气勘探数据仓库建设，数据仓库的结构体系，相关技术及其决策支持系统四个方面对油气勘探数据仓库系统开发进行了论述。     

初论西藏冈底斯带中段尼木西北部班岩铜矿地质特征

西藏冈底斯带尼木西北部具有斑岩型铜矿产出的有利地质条件，已有厅宫，冲江，白容，岗讲，渡布曲等铜矿床（点），可望形成大型－超大型班岩铜矿集中区，其资源量远景可达400－600万t以上，在分析地背景的基础上，总结了矿床的地质特征，并与国内外斑岩铜矿进行了对比，建立了本区铜矿的综合遥感地质找矿模型。     

泥质海岸带浅表地层沉积序列区域地质调查方法

天津市淮淀乡幅(1∶50000)浅表地层沉积序列地质调查提供了深覆盖区区调的新方法。即用浅表钻孔代替地质点,对近现代沉积物组合进行分类,判释沉积环境变化,结合年代地层学,建立浅表地层沉积序列。采用浅表地层沉积序列地质图的形式,展示测区浅表地层与近现代地质环境演化及人类活动的影响,为经济建设和决策提供直观、内涵丰富的地质资料。     

安徽南部庐枞盆地罗河-泥河铁矿田含矿辉石粗安玢岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义

安徽庐枞火山岩盆地中的罗河-泥河铁矿田产有与燕山期岩浆活动有关的大型铁矿床,是长江中下游玢岩型铁矿的一个重要组成部分。对矿田的含矿岩体进行了薄片鉴定和化学分析,结果表明该类岩浆岩为超浅成的中偏基性辉石粗安玢岩。运用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法进行年龄测定,测得的206Pb/238U平均年龄分别为133.3Ma±0.6Ma(LJ23)、133.2Ma±1.1Ma(LJ37)、132.8Ma±2.6Ma(NHK1-2),3个年龄在误差范围内基本一致,表明矿田内辉石粗安玢岩的形成年龄约为133Ma。这一时间正好位于区内龙门院-砖桥和双庙-浮山两大火山喷发旋回的间歇期,为砖桥火山喷发旋回后期潜火山作用的产物。结合基础地质、矿床地质分析和含矿岩体、磁铁矿单矿物化学分析结果,推测矿田的成矿时间为133~131Ma。表明成岩成矿作用与发生于中国东部140Ma左右的构造体制大转折和130Ma左右的大规模岩石圈拆沉两大地质事件相吻合。