DETERMINATION OF SOUTH CHINA SEA MONSOON ONSET AND EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON INDEX

Results of the definition of South China Sea summer monsoon onset date and East Asian summer monsoon index in recent years are summarized in this paper. And more questions to be resolved are introduced later.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF FREQUENCY SPECTRUM VARIATION OF INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION OF CONVECTION DURING SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON

1 INTRODUCTIONSituated in the region of East Asian Monsoon(EAM), weather and climate in China are deeplyinfluenced by the activities of EAM. Especially inflood seasons, distribution of precipitation, movementof rain-bands and occurrence of droughts and fl…     

对流层准两年周期振荡的研究进展

通过对气候标准值从1961～1990年改为1971～2000年后ENSO指数的变化分析,确定了新指数的ENSO事件定义指标和强度划分指标,重新定义了1951～2003年的ENSO事件及事件强度,并对新旧指数定义的ENSO事件的长度、峰值、强度等进行了分析比较。     

南海夏季风对流季节内振荡的频谱变化特征

利用1980～1997年TBB资料和海表温度（SST）资料,诊断分析了南海对流季节内变化频谱及强度的变化特征,并探讨对流季节内振荡强度与对流本身强度以及南海SST之间的关系。结果表明,南海对流季节内变化强度及频谱存在明显的年内变化、年际变化和年代际变化特征;南海地区夏半年对流及其ISO1强度与后期冬季南海SST有一定的关系,当夏半年对流较强（弱）,ISO1较强（弱）时,则后期冬季南海SST偏低（高）。     

厄尔尼诺事件及其对华南天气气候的影响

１　引　言　　１９９７年夏季我国东部出现了大范围的天气气候异常。６月到７月上旬,广东、广西两省区持续大到暴雨并有雷暴天气。６月２７日至７月７日的１１天内,清远、江门、珠海、汕尾、阳江等地降雨量为５００～８００ｍｍ。香港６月３０日到７月２日三天降雨约５００ｍｍ。南粤大地暴雨肆虐,洪涝成灾。至１０月中旬,香港降雨量已达３２４９ｍｍ,成为１１３年来雨水最多的一年。持续的阴雨天气使广东省大部地区６、７月气温持续偏低。７月７日小暑,当天广州最高气温为２９℃,最低为２５℃,比往年同期偏低５℃左右。传媒惊呼“…     

华南前汛期的锋面降水和夏季风降水Ⅰ. 划分日期的确定

前汛期暴雨常常引发华南地区的洪涝, 但是前汛期降水的预报能力却相当低.降水的预报在很大程度上依赖于对降水性质的理解, 而华南前汛期降水通常被认为只是锋面性质的降水.事实上, 南海夏季风在6月(甚至5月)就可以影响到华南地区并产生季风对流降水.因此, 华南前汛期包含了两种不同性质的降水, 即锋面降水和夏季风降水, 如何区分它们是非常重要的.为了区分它们, 利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、 CMAP资料和中国730站降水资料, 分析气候平均(1971～2000年)状态下锋面降水和季风降水期间大气性质和特征的差异, 得到华南前汛期夏季风降水开始的基本判据: 100 hPa纬向风由西风转为东风并维持5天以上.利用该判据得出气候平均条件下的华南夏季风降水开始于5月24日, 并得到1951～2004年逐年华南前汛期锋面降水和季风降水的划分日期.合成分析的结果表明, 得到的划分日期是基本合理的, 因为它将锋面降水和季风降水期间大气特点的显著差别区分开来.     

华南冬季异常冷月预测概念模型Ⅰ──500 hPa高度场和海温场特征

确定了近 45年华南冬季异常冷月出现的时间,分析了其同期至前期 6个月 500 hPa位势高度场和海温场的特征。各异常冷月当月500 hPa高度场有相似的特征,亚洲一太平洋地区高度场的特征是北高南低,经向环流发展。给出了前期500 hPa高度场差异显着月的距平特征。华南冬季各异常冷月至其前期6个月海温距平分布有持续性的特征,1月及其前期1～6个月赤道东太平洋SST呈E1 Nino特征, 2月和12月呈La Nina特征。      

南海西南季风多时间尺度变化及其与海温的相互作用

利用NCEP再分析资料和OLR、SST观测数据, 研究了南海地区西南季风的多时间尺度变化特征, 对比分析了强弱西南季风年大气环流的差异. 南海西南季风的强弱变化与海表面温度 (SST) 之间存在显著的相互作用, 年际或以上时间层次变化主要表现为南海西南季风强弱与东太平洋海温、南海-阿拉伯海海温存在显著负相关.对月季时间层次, 东太平洋海温变化对西南季风强度变化的影响仍起重要作用, 南海-阿拉伯海海温与西南季风之间相互作用不但表现为西南季风对海温的作用 (西南季风强 (弱) 导致后期海温降低 (升高)), 同时海温变化对西南季风也起相当重要的作用, 前期海温正 (负) 距平有利于西南季风增强 (减弱).     

Analysis of Mesoscale Convective Systems Associated With a Warm-Sector Rainstorm Event Over South China

With multiple meteorological data, including precipitation from automatic weather stations, integrated satellite-based precipitation (CMORPH), brightness temperature (TBB), radar echoes and NCEP reanalysis, a rainstorm event, which occurred on May 26, 2007 over South China, is analyzed with the focus on the evolution characteristics of associated mesoscale-β convective systems (Mβcss). Results are shown as follows. (1) The rainstorm presents itself as a typical warm-sector event, for it occurs within a surface inverted trough and on the left side of a southwesterly low-level jet (LLJ), which shows no obvious features of baroclinicity. (2) The heavy rainfall event is directly related to at least three bodies of Mβcss with peak precipitation corresponding well to their mature stages. (3) The Mβcss manifest a backward propagation, which is marked with a new form of downstream convection different from the more usual type of forward propagation over South China, i.e., new convective systems mainly form at the rear part of older Mβcss. (4) Rainstorm-causing Mβcss form near the convergence region on the left side of an 850-hPa southwesterly LLJ, over which there are dominantly divergent air flows at 200 hPa. Different from the typical flow pattern of outward divergence off the east side of South Asia High, which is usually found to be over zones of heavy rains during the annually first rainy season of South China, this warm-sector heavy rain is below the divergence region formed between the easterly and southerly flows west of the South Asian High that is moving out to sea. (5) The LLJ transports abundant amount of warm and moist air to the heavy rainfall area, providing advantageous conditions for highly unstable energy to generate and store at middle and high levels, where corresponding low-level warm advection may be playing a more direct role in the development of Mβcss. As a triggering mechanism for organized convective systems, the effect of low-level warm advection deserves more of our attention. Based on the analysis of surface mesoscale airflow in the article, possible triggering mechanisms for Mβcss are also discussed.     

6月西太平洋副高脊线的年际变化及其对华南降水的影响

用１９５１－１９９１年６月份５００ｈＰａ位势高度资料取得了西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置资料序列，分析了脊线位置的变化。分析结果发现副高脊线位置与５００ｈＰａ位势高度场、海面温度等关系密切。脊线位置具有显著的３２年、５．３年、３．２年和２．３年振荡周期。６月份副高脊线偏北（南）华南降水偏少（多）。