THE CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA Ⅰ40—YEAR AVERAGE

By using 40-year NCEP reanalysis daily data91958-1997),we have analyzed the climatic characteristics of summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea(1050°E-120°E,5°N-20°N,to be simplified as SCS in the text followed) pentad y pentad(5 days),According to our new definition,in the monsoon area of the SCS two of the following conditions should be satistied:1)At 850hPa,the southwest winds should be greater than 2m/s.2)At 850 hPa.θse should e greater than 335°K.The new definition means that the summermonsoon is the southwest winds high temperature and high moisture.The onset of the SCS summer monsoon is defined to start when one half of the SCS area(105°E-120°E,5°N-20°N)is controlled by the summer monsoon.The analyzed results revealed the following:1) The summer monsoon in the SCS starts to build up abruptly in the 4th pentad in May.2) The summer monsoon onset in the SCS is resulted from the development and intensification of southwesterly monsoon in the Bay of Bengal.3) The onset of the summer monsoon and establishment of the summer monsoon rainfall season in the SCS occur simultaneously.4) During the summer monsoon onset in the SCS,troughs deepen and widen quickly in the lower troposphere of the India:the subtropical high in the Western pacific moves eastward off the SCS in the middle troposphere:the easterly advances northward over the SCS in the upper troposphere.     

THE CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA I.40-YEAR AVERAGE

By using 40-year NCEP reanalysis daily data (1958-1997), we have analyzed the climatic characteristics of summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (105°E ~ 120°E, 5°N ~ 20°N, to be simplified as SCS in the text followed) pentad by pentad (5 days). According to our new definition, in the monsoon area of the SCS two of the following conditions should be satisfied: 1) At 850hPa, the southwest winds should be greater than 2m/s. 2) At 850 hPa, θ_se should be greater than 335°K. The new definition means that the summer monsoon is the southwest winds with high temperature and high moisture. The onset of the SCS summer monsoon is defined to start when one half of the SCS area (105°E ~ 120°E,5°N ~ 20°N) is controlled by the summer monsoon. The analyzed results revealed the following: 1) The summer monsoon in the SCS starts to build up abruptly in the 4th pentad in May. 2) The summer monsoon onset in the SCS is resulted from the development and intensification of southwesterly monsoon in the Bay of Bengal. 3) The onset of the summer monsoon and establishment of the summer monsoon rainfall season in the SCS occur simultaneously. 4) During the summer monsoon onset in the SCS, troughs deepen and widen quickly in the lower troposphere of the India; the subtropical high in the Western Pacific moves eastward off the SCS in the middle troposphere; the easterly advances northward over the SCS in the upper troposphere.     

新丰江水库消涨带岸坡侵蚀研究

水库消涨带是随水库水位涨落不时出没的库岸，坡面裸露，泥沙侵蚀强度大，生态环境恶劣。本研究采用野外点定观测方法，研究了新丰江水另消涨带花岗风化泥沙侵蚀机理，实测各类坡面的侵蚀模数，估算了总侵蚀量，并把塌岸与陆上花岗岩石风化壳的崩岗和滑坡发生机理作比较。     

南海夏季风维持期的气候特征Ⅱ--年代际变化

利用NCEP1958～1997年逐日格点气象资料对我国南海地区(105～120°E,5～20°N)夏季风维持期的年代际变化进行了仔细分析,分析结果发现对南海地区夏季风影响最大的是1970年代末期大气环流的突变.突变以1978年为界,分析工作主要是将前20年情况与后20年进行对比.前20年夏季风建立晚、结束早、降水较少、对流活动较弱、季风较弱;后20年则与此相反,季风建立早、结束晚、降水较多、对流活动较强、季风较强.分析对比前20年与后20年夏季风维持期高低空环流形势后发现,后20年南海地区上空对流下层辐合较强而对流层上层辐散较强,显然这种形势对后20年南海夏季风和对流降水的发展是十分有利的.需指出的是南海地区中心部分夏季风维持期的降水和OLR值的年代际变化趋势正好与南海其它地区相反,也就是说后20年南海地区中心部分降水较少,OLR值较高,而前20年正好相反.后20年和前20年的ENSO指数和南海地区海温的差别也十分明显,前20年ENSO指数和海温较低,而后20年都较高.     

历史大震与泉州古建筑塔寺桥类的结构抗震

研究泉州市一些经历了1604年泉州海外7．5级大震并保存至今的典型塔、寺、桥类建筑的结构抗震,同时探讨这次大震对这些古建筑可能产生的地震影响,及这些古建筑在场地特征、结构设计、材料强度、施工工艺等方面与结构抗震有关的问题。     

编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究

地球深部结构研究是地震预报和地球动力学研究的基础,传统人工地震受到探测深度、分辨率或震源能量的环保限制,探索利用小能量震源进行深部高分辨率探测技术具有重要意义.本文借鉴雷达探测中的编码原理,开展了震源编码探测实验,利用人工震源向地下发送具有独特特征的随机编码序列脉冲,作为一次等效激发,利用准确记录的编码震源的源函数与地震连续观测的互相关进行“解码”分析,获取地下信息,形成编码地震探测技术.实验表明编码地震能够大幅度提高地震探测能力,利用小能量震源获得远距离的探测和高分辨率,是一种具有重要发展前景的人工探测技术.     

南雄盆地大塘白垩系-古近系界线剖面研究

大塘剖面是我国目前研究程度最高的一条白垩系-古近系(K-E)界线剖面,根据已有研究成果,探讨该剖面岩石、生物、磁性和年代地层的划分,用剖面图反映岩性的变化及各门类化石的纵向分布规律,较全面地反映大塘白垩系-古近系界线剖面的研究现状。     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘油田 AＧB区块二叠系火成岩漏失原因与应对措施

哈拉哈塘油田 AＧB区块二叠系火成岩频繁井漏,阻碍了提速降本,准确预测漏失位置,可以为优选井身结构及钻井液优化提供技术支持.地质上,利用薄片观察对不同岩性进行了识别;物探上,采用属性提取、曲率、切片等技术手段,将研究区火成岩地震反射特征分为３类:空白相、亚平行相、平行相,不同的地震反射特征具有不同的岩性组合特征.通过漏失井岩性、地震相、漏失位置、漏失量分析,结合裂缝发育特征,认为火成岩空白相裂缝发育段钻井漏失量大,亚平行相的玄武岩顶部易发生少量钻井漏失.布井时需根据火成岩的不同相采取相应的措施,空白相应避免人工压裂;亚平行相需控制泥浆密度.      

三门峡市黄河公园大天鹅日间越冬行为研究

2017年11月-2018年1月,采用瞬时扫描法在三门峡市黄河公园进行大天鹅日间行为观察。结果表明:在大天鹅越冬期所有行为中,越冬前期(11月)大天鹅行为以觅食和游动为主,分别占25.34%和23.07%,其次是警觉,占19.65%;越冬前期(12月)大天鹅行为以警觉和睡眠为主,分别占26.36%和26.06%,其次是游动,占19.22%;越冬中期大天鹅行为以游动为主,占37.85%,其次是睡眠,占24.72%。通过斯皮尔曼相关性分析发现,大天鹅的游动、争斗、警觉、飞行与游客人数呈显著正相关,睡眠与游客人数和人类干扰因素呈显著负相关。