Pb distribution and translocation in Jiaozhou Bay

The trends of distribution, translocation and seasonal change of heavy metal Pb were studied based on the surface and bottom water sampling in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979, and compared with those in 1990＇s. The results showed that the source of Pb in the bay was from wastewater and sewage in the east of Jiaozhou Bay from ocean vessels. Pb concentration was higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn, and remained stable through sedimentation in the bottom layer. The overall water quality was good in 1970＇s. Compared with the environmental monitoring data of 1995-1999, Pb pollution had become serious. Therefore, more efforts should be made to protect the bay from Pb pollution.     

Examination of Daytime Length''''s Influence on Phytoplankton Growth in Jiaozhou Bay, China

1　INTRODUCTIONSystematicstudyisusefulforhumanvisualizationandcomprehensionofanetworkofcomplicatedcompo nentsandprocessesinvolvingfrequentenergyflow ,consideringenergyasthebasisofbothstructureandprocess (Automa ,1 993) .Energylanguageisaconceptfordepictingasysteminwhichallphenomenaareac companiedbyenergytransformation .Thefunctionoftheecosystemovertheworlddependsontheenergyfixationbymarineplantphotosynthesis ,mostofthemarefixedbymicrophytoplanktonnearseasurfaceexposedtosunlight (Niebaken …     

营养盐限制的唯一性因子探究

１营养盐限制因子的热点海洋中的几种元素 ,最引人关注的营养盐Ｎ ,Ｐ ,Ｓｉ和Ｆｅ对浮游植物生长是非常重要的 ,就象陆地上给植物施肥一样 ,营养盐限制浮游植物光合作用 ,在一些海域加了Ｎ ,Ｐ ,Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ,浮游植物生长就会旺盛、迅速。因此 ,这些营养盐对海域中浮游植物的生长起着重要的限制作用。营养盐Ｎ ,Ｐ ,Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ从海上的大气层、海底的上升流以及从陆地的河流中提供 ,从而决定了在海洋表面新的有机物质生产的速率 ［８］。这样 ,希望减少大气的ＣＯ ２,促进浮游植物的生长。增加限制营养盐的更大有用性是提高了海洋表面的初级生…     

有机农药六六六对胶州湾海域水质的影响Ⅰ.含量的年份变化

根据1979～1984年(缺少1980年)的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析有机农药六六六(HCH)在胶州湾水域的含量大小、年份变化和季节变化。研究结果表明:在1979～1984年(缺1980年)期间,在胶州湾水体中HCH的含量逐年都在减少。在1983年,中国禁止HCH的使用,在禁用后,水体中HCH的含量全部低于一类海水的水质标准。在禁用后,水体中HCH的含量很低,几乎没有季节变化。因此,中国禁止HCH的使用对环境的改善取得显著的成效。     

地球生态系统的精准性研究

文章根据地球生态系统的功能,剖析地球发生的现象。研究发现,地球大气的碳平衡、地球的硅元素输送、地球自转的平衡,揭示了地球生态系统具有难以想象的精准性和其超强的控制能力,而且能够充分保持动态平衡和可持续发展。     

EXAMINATION OF SILICATE LIMITATION OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN JIAOZHOU BAY, CHINA Ⅰ. SILICATE BEING A LIMITING FACTOR OF PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTION

Jiaozhou Bay data collected from May 1991 to February 1994, in 12 seasonal investigations, and provided the authors by the Ecological Station of Jiaozhou B ay, were analyzed to determine the spatiotemporal variations in temperature, light, nutrients (NO-3-N, NO-2-N, NH+4-N, SiO2-3-Si, PO3-4-P), phytoplankton, and primary production in Jiaozhou Bay. The results indicated that only silicate correlated well in time and space with, and had important effects on, the characteristics, dynamic cycles and trends of, primary production in Jiaozhou Bay. The authors developed a corresponding dynamic model of primary production and silicate and water temperature. Eq.(1) of the model shows that the primary production variation is controlled by the nutrient Si and affected by water temp erature; that the main factor controlling the primary production is Si; that water temper ature affects the composition of the structure of phytoplankton assemblage; that the different populations of the phytoplankton assemblage occupy different ecologica l niches for C, the apparent ratio of conversion of silicate in seawater into phytoplankton biomas and D, the coefficient of water temperature's effect on phytoplankton biomass. The authors researched the silicon source of Jiaozhou Bay , the biogeochemical sediment process of the silicon, the phytoplankton predominan t species and the phytoplankton structure. The authors considered silicate a limit ing factor of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay, whose decreasing concentration of silicate from terrestrial source is supposedly due to dilution by current and up take by phytoplankton; quantified the silicate assimilated by phytoplankton, the intrins ic ratio of conversion of silicon into phytoplankton biomass, the proportion of silicate uptaken by phytoplankton and diluted by current; and found that the primary production of the phytoplankton is determined by the quantity of the silicate assimilated by them. The phenomenon of apparently high plant-nutrient concentrations but low phytoplankton biomass in some waters is reasonably explained in this paper.     

胶州湾水体镉的迁移过程和环境本底值结构

根据1979年的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析重金属Cd在胶州湾水域的水平分布、垂直分布和季节变化。研究结果表明:在整个胶州湾水域,水质没有受到任何Cd的污染。在胶州湾和湾口水域只有两个Cd的来源。一个是来源于地壳岩石风化,通过陆地径流把重金属Cd注入胶州湾水域;另一个是来源于海底,经过海洋水流的作用把重金属Cd注入湾口水域。作者提出了重金属在水域的环境本底值结构:基础本底值、陆地径流的输入量和海洋水流的输入量,并且应用于胶州湾水域。作者认为在来源的迁移过程中,有陆地来源迁移和海底来源迁移。根据杨东方的水域迁移过程研究,陆地径流决定了Cd的表、底层质量浓度变化。     

有机农药六六六对胶州湾海域水质的影响——水域迁移过程

根据1979—1984年(缺少1980年)的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析了胶州湾水域有机农药六六六(HCH)的垂直分布,提出了六六六的水域迁移过程,研究结果表明,此过程出现3个阶段:从污染源把六六六输出到胶州湾水域、把六六六输入到胶州湾水域的表层、六六六从表层沉降到底层。在胶州湾,六六六的垂直分布按照时空分布来划分区域。在时间尺度上,一年中的春季、夏季和秋季;在空间尺度上,把胶州湾水域分为3部分水域:湾内、湾口和湾外。通过不同的时空区域六六六的垂直分布,进一步提出了六六六的水域迁移机制,阐明了六六六垂直分布的规律及原因。     

地球生态系统的气温和水温补充机制

首次提出了地球生态系统的气温和水温补充机制,并用框图模型说明了补充机制在运行过程中的每个流程,阐明了人类对生态环境的影响过程、生态环境变化对地球生态系统的影响过程以及地球生态系统对环境变化的响应过程,解释了气温和水温的补充起因。研究结果表明,人类是引起环境变化的起源以及其变化后的结果又作用于人类,即人类排放二氧化碳引起气温和水温的上升,地球生态系统又借助其补充机制使得气温和水温下降恢复到正常的动态平衡。尽管这个补充机制带来了沙尘暴、洪水和风暴潮,但由人类引起水温和气温上升造成的灾害要比自然界中这3种灾害要深重得多。自然界的这3种灾害是局部的、短期的,而人类引起水温和气温上升的灾害却是全球的、长期的。     

胶州湾水体重金属汞的分布和重力特性

根据1985年4月、7月和10月胶州湾水域调查资料,研究和分析胶州湾重金属汞的水质、平面分布、垂直分布、季节变化以及来源。结果表明:汞在胶州湾水体中的含量范围为:0.029~4.950μg/L,符合一类到劣四类海水水质标准;4月,在胶州湾整个湾内水域受到汞的污染,在湾的东部和北部近岸水域受到汞的严重污染,7月,受到汞的污染较重,在10月,受到汞的轻微污染。胶州湾汞含量只有一个来源:是由海泊河、李村河和娄山河的河流输送的,而且输送的汞浓度都非常高。汞表、底层分布的时空变化和垂直分布都表明了汞迅速沉降的重力特性,证实了汞的水域迁移过程和水域迁移机制。在胶州湾的整个湾内水域,受到汞的污染程度是由河流输送汞含量的多少来决定的。