二郎山隧道围岩二次应力场特征分析

围岩二次应力场是地下工程开挖后地应力释放并重新进行调整形成的,其分布和大小与工程地质条件及施工状况有关,并且直接影响着施工安全和支护措施的优化。本文利用适于现场操作的改进型应力恢复法现场测试围岩的二次应力场,结合数值模拟研究其沿隧道轴线及横断面方向的变化,分析其与原始地应力场、围岩类别、断裂构造、浅表生改造、地下水状态及施工状况等因素的相关性,不仅为地下工程围岩二次应力场研究提供了资料,而且为隧道信息化施工及时提供了信息。      

水射流辅助PDC刀具切割岩石的力学分析

通过对水射流辅助PDC刀具切割破碎岩石的力学分析,定量地确定出水射流对机械刀具受力的作用。试验研究表明,水射流辅助刀具切割岩石时刀具受力随切割深度的增加而线性增加;水射流布置在刀具底部后方,并偏离刀具铅垂中性面适当位置辅助刀具破岩时,刀具受力可减少30 %～50 %,并且刀具力的减少率几乎不受切割深度变化的影响。     

煤与瓦斯突出的激发和发生条件

从影响煤与瓦斯突出的地应力、瓦斯、煤岩物理力学性质和地质构造因素出发,提出把煤与瓦斯突出的过程划分为突出源的形成发展、突出的激发和发生三个阶段。以南桐煤矿典型突出事故为例,用演绎法探讨了突出激发与发生的条件。结果表明,一切由振动产生的岩体裂隙和冲击载荷是导致煤与瓦斯突出的激发条件,并根据充瓦斯煤的损伤蠕变方程,得到了预测延期突出的时间。根据突出过程中的能量转换关系,得到了突出的起动速度和瓦斯临界压力表达式,对煤与瓦斯突出发生涉及的几个难点问题进行了讨论。揭示了煤与瓦斯突出的主要能量是瓦斯膨胀能,突出时喷出的瓦斯由多个来源的瓦斯组成,且地质构造区在采矿过程中容易形成有利于突出的源。     

深埋隧道开挖围岩失稳突变模型研究

By analyzing surrounding rock instability caused by tunnel excavation, surrounding rock instability of deep-buried tunnels is considered as a sudden failure phenomenon, which possesses nonlinearity and discontinuity obviously and shows the uncertainty of mechanical deformation property, nonlinearity of constitutive relationship and catastrophe of failure process. Based on the total potential energy principle, the cusp catastrophic model for instability and failure of deep-buried tunnel surrounding rock is established. Through the observed data of settlement values of typical section vault of deep-buried tunnel and the sudden threshold values of displacement of each monitoring section, the variable values of vault settlement function are obtained, and the stability of deep surrounding rock in tunnel is decided. The result accords with surrounding rock of practical construction, it not only offers references for preventing instability and failure of deep-buried tunnels, but also gives an important guidance for reasonable construction technique of supporting measures.     

隧道钢纤维喷射混凝土单层衬砌试验研究

为了解决隧道施工中采用单层喷射混凝土作为隧道永久衬砌的问题,对不同钢纤维及外添加剂掺量的混凝土分别进行了抗压、抗拉、抗渗以及弯曲强度等室内试验。结果表明,在喷射混凝土中加入钢纤维材料,其抗拉、抗弯以及抗渗水性能分别提高了65.6 %、94.7 %、98.1 %;并通过现场试喷,选定符合设计要求、经济合理的配合比,在摩天岭隧道通风斜井施作了湿喷钢纤维混凝土,以单层衬砌代替原设计的复合式衬砌。工程实践证明,钢纤维湿喷混凝土,其支护强度达到了设计要求,喷射作业回弹损失量减少7 %～15 %。研究成果可为类似隧道纤维喷射混凝土单层衬砌技术的应用提供参考。     

Antithrombotic effects of bromophenol,an alga-derived thrombin inhibitor

Thrombin,the ultimate proteinase of the coagulation cascade,is an attractive target for the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases.A bromophenol derivative named (+)-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-bromo-5,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydroiso-benzofuran 1,isolated from the brown alga Leathesia nana exhibited significant thrombin inhibitory activity.In this study,we investigated the inhibition of human thrombin in vitro with this bromophenol derivative,and its antithrombotic efficacy in vivo using th...     

Antithrombotic effects of bromophenol, an alga-derived thrombin inhibitor

Thrombin, the ultimate proteinase of the coagulation cascade, is an attractive target for the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. A bromophenol derivative named (+)-3-(2,3-dibromo-4, 5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-bromo-5,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydroiso-benzofuran 1, isolated from the brown alga Leathesia nana exhibited significant thrombin inhibitory activity. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of human thrombin in vitro with this bromophenol derivative, and its antithrombotic efficacy in vivo using the arteriovenous shunt model and the ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis model in rats. The results show that the bromophenol derivative is a potential inhibitor of thrombin (IC₅₀=1.03 nmol/L). In antithrombotic experiments in vivo, the bromophenol derivative also shows good effect comparing with the control group. These data indicate that the bromophenol derivative is a potential drug for prophylaxis and the treatment of thrombotic diseases.     

采动下卧煤层对深埋隧道结构稳定性的影响

通过3D有限元数值模拟,在分析某深埋隧道煤系地层隧道开挖、初期支护和二次支护动态施工过程的基础上,重点分析了下卧煤层(倾角 =35°,厚度h=2.8 m)按全陷落法分段开采后隧道支护结构的位移、应力特征,得到了下卧煤层经济安全的禁采深度。为复杂地质条件下煤系地层隧道建设和合理开采矿产资源提供了科学依据。     

高速公路压煤区安全煤柱留设及其对路基稳定性的影响

开采地下矿产(煤炭)资源和保护地面或地下结构物是既矛盾又统一的两个方面。在结构物下方留设保护煤柱是保护结构物免受地下开采影响的一种比较可靠的方法。但其缺点是要放弃部分矿产资源的开采。本文结合某高速公路压煤情况,围绕解决这一问题进行了研究。根据压煤区地质条件和相关规程,分析确定了走向移动角的大小、煤层留设宽度和禁采深度。通过不同走向移动角对路基稳定性影响的弹塑性有限元数值模拟,进一步分析了走向移动角对路基变形和稳定性以及路基压煤量的影响程度。在走向移动角δ=55°、60°和65°时,按数值模拟方案[1]～[6]步依次开采完成后,路基表面结点下沉最大位移为12 72～29 45mm,第[1]步和第[6]步路基不均匀沉降最大位移为7 33～8 19mm;在δ=70°时,路基表面结点下沉最大位移为44 00mm,第[1]步和第[6]步路基不均匀沉降最大位移达27 08mm。在55°≤δ≤70°范围内,煤层开采临空单元岩体最大剪应力皆小于煤层顶、底板泥岩夹页岩的抗压强度,其屈服接近度也大多小于1 0。据此提出了该区安全极限走向移动角取值(δ=65°),从δ=60°到δ=65°,可减少压煤量27 47万t,相对减少15 16%。为解决高速公路压煤问题提供了科学依据。     

完善国资管理体制 促进国企改革深化——访国有重点大型企业监事会主席季晓南

正《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)对新一轮国企改革作出了总体部署,明确了深化国企改革、完善国资体制的重点和主要任务,提出以管资本为主加强国有资产监管,改革国有资本授权经营体制,组建若干国有资本运营公司,支持有条件的国有企业改组为国有资本投资公司,准确界定不同国有企业功能,积极发展混