厦门港中华哲水蚤卵型研究

对厦门港中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的卵型进行观察和研究,获得主要结果如下:(1)厦门港中华哲水蚤仅存在一种基本卵型,属于无鞘卵,但卵表面具有透明、柔软的胞膜(blister),胞膜呈褶皱结构;(2)胞膜可因外力而脱落,但胚胎仍可以正常发育;(3)在实验室水温为16~22℃条件下,受精卵均可正常孵化与发育;(4)胞膜的厚度有一定的变化,它随着水温的升高有减小的趋势.卵型分析与孵化实验均证实:厦门港中华哲水蚤不存在休眠卵(dormant egg)或滞育卵(diapause egg).     

中国鲎（Tachypleus tridentatus）雌激素相关受体基因的克隆与分析

采用RT-PCR、RACE、Genome Walking等方法从中国鲎克隆得到了雌激素相关受体基因的cDNA全长及基因组DNA序列,命名为ttERR（GenBank登录号为HQ386702）,并采用生物信息学方法对其序列和编码的蛋白质的理化性质、分子系统进化关系等进行预测和推断。结果表明,ttERR基因cDNA全长27...     

拟穴青蟹大眼幼体对卤虫的摄食率和摄食选择

研究了拟穴青蟹（Scylla paramam osain）大眼幼体在不同饵料密度和组合条件下对卤虫（Ar-tem iasp.）无节幼体及成体的摄食率、摄食节律等,发现：光照-视觉因素对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体捕食卤虫无节幼体的数量无显著影响,但对捕食卤虫成体的影响显著（p〈0.05）.饵料密度较低（如卤虫无节幼体密度〈10 ind/cm3）时,饵料密度与拟穴青蟹大眼幼体摄食率呈正相关;饵料密度较高时饵料密度变化对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体摄食率的影响不显著（p〉0.05）.禁食后投饵,在高饵料密度（如卤虫无节幼体密度≥10 ind/cm3）下拟穴青蟹大眼幼体的摄食率在短时间（如4 h）较高,随供饵时间的延续摄食率开始下降,较长时间（24 h）摄食率显著较低.以干重计,拟穴青蟹大眼幼体对卤虫成体的摄食率全面高于对卤虫无节幼体;但混合投喂卤虫无节幼体和成体时拟穴青蟹大眼幼体摄食的卤虫成体数量较少,表明在卤虫无节幼体和成体同时存在的情况下拟穴青蟹大眼幼体倾向于放弃卤虫成体捕食无节幼体.拟穴青蟹大眼幼体的摄食行为受到被捕食风险和饵料斑块分布的显著影响.育苗生产中对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体投喂卤虫无节幼体的密度无需高于10 ind/cm3.     

Antioxidation and ATPase activity in the gill of mud crab Scylla serrata under cold stress

Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is an important commercial crustacean in China. An experiment was designed to study the effect of cold stress on S. serrata. After a one-week adaptation at 28oC, the temperature is suddenly reduced to 4oC. The crabs were sampled every 2 h for 10 h and dissected immediately to measure the enzyme activity. The crabs at room temperature (28oC) were used as the control group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of 4 ATPases (Na , K -ATPase; Mg2 -ATPase; Ca2 -ATPase; Ca2 , Mg2 -ATPase) were measured biochemically. In contrast to the control group, the SOD activity increased significantly from 2 to 6 h after the cold stress, and then decreased. The CAT and GPX activities increased in 2 h, and then decreased gradually. The content of MDA increased gradually in 4 h. The activity of Na , K -ATPase decreased in 2 h, increased up to the top value at Hour 6, then decreased again. The activities of Mg2 -ATPase, Ca2 -ATPase and Ca2 , Mg2 -ATPase increased significantly in 6 h, insignificantly in any other hours. Under cold stress, the activity of antioxidative enzymes in S. serrata was reduced at first then stabilized, ROS-scavenging weakened, and MDA accumulated gradually in the gill after 6 h. The activity of the 4 ATPases in the crab decreased after 6 h, suggesting that the ability to regulate ion concentration has been paralyzed. Therefore, the maximum period to sustain healthy meat in the crab under cold stress is 6 hours.     

Abundance,biomass and composition of spring ice algal and phytoplankton communities of the Laptev Sea(Arctic)

<正> Abundance,biomass and composition of the ice algal and phytoplank-ton communities were investigated in the southeastern Laptev Sea in spring 1999.Diatoms dominated the algal communities and pennate diatoms dominated the dia-tom population.12 dominant algal species occurred within sea ice and underlyingwater column,including Fragilariopsis oceanica,F.cylindrus,Nitzschiafrigida,N.promare,Achnanthes taeniata,Nitzschia neofrigida,Naviculapelagica,N.vanhoef fenii,N.septentrionalis,Melosira arctica,Clindrothecaclosterium and Pyrarnimonas sp.The algal abundance of bottom 10 cm sea icevaried between 14.6 and 1562.2×10~4 ceils l~(-1)with an average of 639.0×10~4cells l~(-1),and the algal biomass ranged from 7.89 to 2093.5μg C l~(-1)with an av-erage of 886.9μg C l~(-1),which were generally one order of magnitude higherthan those of sub-bottom ice and two orders of magnitude higher than those ofunderlying surface water.The integrated algal abundance and biomass of lower-most 20 cm ice column were averagely 7.7 and 12.2 times as those of upper 20 mwater column,respectively,suggesting that the ice algae might play an importantrole in maintaining the coastal marine ecosystem before the thawing of sea ice.Icealgae influenced the phytoplankton community of the underlying water column.However,the“seeding”of ice algae for phytoplankton bloom was negligible be-cause of the iow phytoplankton biomass within the underlying water column.     

摄食对锯缘青蟹溞状幼体生长和呼吸的影响

本文采用实验室和现场测定相结合的方法，研究了锯缘青蟹溞状幼体摄食率、摄食和饥饿对幼体生长发育蜕皮以及呼吸的影响.实验结果表明锯缘青蟹第一期溞状幼体(Z     

生物胺对雌性锯缘青蟹生殖神经内分泌的调控作用

采用活体注射和体外培养方法，进行生物胺调控雌性锯缘青蟹生殖神经内分泌的研究。结果表明，锯缘青蟹于实验的第1天，第5天，第10天，分别注射100μl剂量为1μg/g体重的5羟色胺(5—HT)、章鱼胺(0A)和多巴胺(DA)，第15天解剖；其中5—HT对卵巢发育具有显著的促进作用，0A和DA的作用不明显。离体条件下，将脑、胸神经团、视神经节分别与卵巢小块进行联合培养，每个实验组分别加入PBS与1μg／g体重的5—HT、OA、DA、HA(组胺)和NE(去甲肾上腺素)，发现卵巢发育的促进作用与5—HT刺激了脑和胸神经团的分泌活动有关。     

温盐度对厦门港春季主要桡足类呼吸率影响的实验

作者对2000年4～6月的厦门港春季主要桡足类中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartiapacifica)和真刺唇角水蚤(Labidoceraeuchaeta)的呼吸率(以Vo     

5种重金属对白脊藤壶无节幼体的急性毒性研究

本文研究了铜、锌、镉、汞4种重金属无机离子及1种有机形态的锡对白脊藤壶（Balanus albicostatus）第二期无节幼体的急性毒性效应，报告了各重金属在作用时间为2、4、8、16和24h时的最高无毒浓度、最低有毒浓度、半致死浓度及各有毒浓度产生毒性作用所需的最短作用时间．结果表明所研究的不同化学形态的重金属对白脊藤壶幼体均具较高的毒性，其毒性随重金属浓度及作用时间的增大而呈逐渐上升的趋势．有机形态的锡对白脊藤壶第二期无节幼体的毒性要高于其它4种重金属无机离子的毒性，4种重金属无机离子对白脊藤壶第二期无节幼体的毒性大小顺序为：汞〉铜〉镉〉锌．揭示了白脊藤壶第二期无节幼体的急性毒性实验具灵敏度高、指标明确、方法简便、取材方便、实验周期短、具重要的生态意义等优点，可应用于海洋中若干种重金属的污染监测．     

不同发育期锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)幼体摄食的变化

每天从锯缘青蟹育苗池采集幼体,在实验室内依平衡法测定从孵化至大眼幼体各天青蟹幼体的摄食率,并同时测定青蟹幼体每天的干重和比能值,比较研究了饵料密度对青蟹不同发育阶段幼体摄食的影响,以及幼体蜕皮周期内摄食的变化。结果表明,轮虫是青蟹蚤状幼体(Z)Ⅰ期(Z1)和Ⅱ期(Z2)适宜的饵料,卤虫无节幼虫是青蟹幼体生长发育主要的能量来源,占整个幼体发育期摄入能量的96·48%。以干重和能量表示的青蟹幼体摄食率(CDW和CJ)随幼体蜕皮发育呈指数增长[CDW=13·463e0·8283(d 1)(r2=0·927),p<0·01;CJ=0·4018e0·7516(d 1)(r2=0·956),p<0·01];青蟹大眼幼体摄食强度显著上升,摄入能量高达整个幼体发育期摄入能量的77·25%。Z1、Z2期为被动摄食,青蟹幼体主动摄食的能力随幼体发育而逐渐提高,大眼幼体为主动摄食。锯缘青蟹各期幼体蜕皮周期内摄食率的变化是:Z1→Z4期蜕皮后上升,蜕皮前稍微下降;Z5期蜕皮后和蜕皮前较高,蜕皮间较低。Z5期日粮水平最低;青蟹大眼幼体期有2个摄食峰值,变化不规则。