杭州湾沉积物中硫酸盐—甲烷转换带内的碳循环

杭州湾海底沉积物中蕴藏着大量的浅层生物气,作为温室气体CH4的重要载体,研究其甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)及相关碳循环过程,对正确评估浅层生物气的生态环境效应具有重要的科学意义。通过对YS6孔柱状沉积物孔隙水、顶空气等地球化学参数的测试分析,基于质量平衡和碳同位素质量平衡原理,利用"箱式模型"定量研究了硫酸盐—甲烷转换带(SMTZ)内的碳循环过程。结果表明:SMTZ位于海底约6～8 mbsf沉积层,其内部碳循环过程除了包含有机质的硫酸盐还原(OSR)、AOM和碳酸盐沉淀(CP)反应外,还隐藏存在"AOM生成的溶解无机碳(DIC)"产甲烷反应(CR),反应速率分别为9.14、7.42、4.36、2.72 mmol·m~(-2)·a~(-1),而有机质降解产甲烷反应(ME)未发生。各反应对SMTZ内孔隙水DIC的补充贡献率为OSRAOMME,而对DIC的消耗贡献率CPCR。深部含甲烷沉积层向上扩散而来的CH4并不是驱动SMTZ内部SO42-还原的唯一电子供体,CR和OSR反应亦是导致进入SMTZ内硫酸盐扩散通量大于甲烷的重要因素,且SMTZ下边缘沉积层出现明显的13CH4亏损亦与CR反应有关。本研究认为,定量评估海底沉积物中AOM作用的相对强弱时,SMTZ内可能存在的"隐藏的"产甲烷作用(如CR、ME等)不能忽视。     

黄河入海悬沙季节输送变化与输送机制的数值研究(英文)

Based on sediment and discharge flux data for the Yellow River, realistic forcing fields and bathymetry of the Bohai Sea, a suspended sediment transport module is driven by a wave-current coupled model to research seasonal variations and mechanisms of suspended load transport to the Bohai Sea. It could be concluded that surface sediment concentration indicates a distinct spatial distribution characteristic that varies seasonally in the Bohai Sea. Sediment concentration is rather high near the Yellow River estuary, seasonal variations of which are controlled by quantity of sediment from the Yellow River, suspended sediment concentration reaches its maximum during summer and fall. Furthermore, sediment concentration decreases rapidly in other seas far from the Yellow River estuary and maintains a very low level in the center of the Bohai Sea, and is dominated by seasonal variations of climatology wind field in the Bohai Sea. Only a small amount of sediments imported from the Yellow River are delivered northwestward to the southern coast of the Bohai Bay. Majority of sediments are transported southeastward to the Laizhou Bay, where sediments are continuously delivered into the center of the Bohai Sea in a northeastward direction, and part of them are transported eastward alongshore through the Bohai Strait. 69% of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited near the river delta, 31% conveyed seaward, within which, 4% exported to the northern Yellow Sea through the Bohai Strait. Wind wave is the most essential contributor to seasonal variations of sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea, and the contribution of tidal currents is also significant in shallow waters when wind speed is low.     

黄河入海泥沙悬移输送机制的控制试验(英文)

Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third generation wave model SWAN and the Grant-Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be concluded that suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River cannot be delivered in long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway. On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition.     

Galatheid squat lobster species from Chinese waters

Five galatheid squat lobster species belonging to four genera of two galatheid families are reported for the first time from Chinese waters, namely Lauriea simulata Macpherson and Robainas- Barcia, 2013, Phylladiorhynchus ikedai （Miyake and Baba, 1965）, Phylladiorhynchus integrirostris （Dana, 1852）, Babamunida sp., and Raymunida elegantissima （de Man, 1902）. The genera Lauriea Baba, 1971 and Babamunida Cabezas, Macpherson, and Machordom, 2008 have not previously been recorded from Chinese waters.     

渤海风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流的数值模拟与季相时空变异

利用HellermanandRosenstein全球风应力资料中的多年月平均风场资料驱动ECOM模型,设计了潮致、纯风生以及风与潮两者叠加三个数值实验对渤海海域风驱-潮致拉格朗日(Lagrange)余流的逐月时空分布与季节变化进行了模拟。研究结果表明,季风的大小和方向决定了渤海风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流的大小和方向,是影响余流流向和流速的重要因素。冬季,从渤海西岸到莱州湾海域风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流表现出一个大逆时针环流,辽东湾呈现顺时针方向流动,渤海中部存在一个弱的顺时针流环。夏季,整个渤海海域呈现顺时针流况,渤海海盆存在一微弱的逆时针涡旋,一支西南向流沿辽东湾东岸穿越渤海海盆,与起自渤海湾的东向流一起进入莱州湾。风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流主要受风的控制,潮汐则起到一定的调整作用。     

土壤厚度的空间插值方法比较——以青海三江源地区为例

利用青海三江源地区533个土壤剖面中的厚度数据, 在GIS技术的支持下, 采用确定性内插(反距离加权、全局多项式、局部多项式和径向基函数)和地统计内插(普通克里格、简单克里格、泛克里格和协同克里格)两类共八种插值方法对研究区土壤厚度的空间分布进行了预测, 并综合比较了各种插值方法的预测误差、统计特征值和插值结果分布图。结果表明:(1)在地统计内插方法中, 普通克里格方法(一阶)插值效果比普通克里格方法(二阶)要好;在普通克里格方法(一阶)的半方差函数模型中, 球状模型的插值效果优于指数模型和高斯模型;普通克里格方法在四种地统计内插方法中预测误差最小、预测结果准确性最好。(2)确定性内插方法中, 反距离加权(指数为1)法的误差较小, 并且对区域与局部趋势的反映效果最好。(3)从预测误差大小和对区域总体及局部趋势的综合反映效果来看, 有异向性的球状模型普通克里格(一阶)插值方法预测结果最能准确反映青海三江源地区土壤厚度的空间分布。     

“流空间”的地理学属性及其区域发展效应分析

"流空间"是随着信息和通信技术的发展以及社会网络与组织结构的优化而形成的一种认识社会空间的全新模式,强调与分析其社会学意义是开展相关研究的重点。然而,一个基本的事实是"流空间"的区域地方化特征明显,因此探讨其地理学属性和作用机制的理论意义重大。基于此,本研究分析了内化于"流空间"的地理学属性特征,进一步提出了"流空间"作用机制和空间作用形态及其区域发展效应,同时基于信息流交互量初步分析了吉林省流空间基本格局及其区域响应。     

东太平洋CC区多金属结核矿物学特征及物源

通过对东太平洋CC区洋底地质取样及实验测试分析,运用洋底照相、多频探测等多种地球物理方法手段,进一步阐明了CC区多金属结核的形态、主要类型、化学成分及分布特征.通过对CC区沉积作用、生物作用、洋底火山作用、海水化学成分、南极底流等因素的综合研究分析, 进一步揭示了多金属结核形成的物质来源.通过对CC区区域地质背景及地形地貌的综合研究分析, 进一步探讨了多金属结核的形成环境,并建立了成矿模式.     

顾桥井田主井井筒开凿技术条件评价

本文试图通过顾桥井田主井井筒检查孔资料，采用现实可行的方法，原则，在井筒开凿地其开凿技术条件作出评价。     

变分同化及卫星资料同化

文章介绍了变分同化方法和卫星资料同化，并就其实际应用中的一些问题进行了讨论。