一种改进的遥感图像自适应加权滤波算法

遥感图像在其获取、传输的过程中，受到多种因素的影响，会含有各种噪声而降质。文中在分析传统的去噪处理算法和自适应中值滤波算法的(AMF)基础上，提出了一种自适应加权的遥感图像去噪滤波方法。该算法针对噪声图像上每一点，应用自适应加权算子，对于不同的图像区域，算子自适应地进行窗口大小和输出像素值的改变。试验证明，该方法优于传统的去噪滤波算法和AMF滤波算法，在滤除噪声的同时尽可能地保留了图像细节，对于遥感图像去噪增强具有很好的效果。     

旧石器时代至商周时期贵州遗址空间分布及其自然环境背景(英文)

This study presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of 230 archaeological sites in Guizhou Province, Southwest China for three selected time periods from the Paleolithic Age to the Shang-Zhou Dynasties. The relationship between archaeological sites distribution and environmental changes is also discussed based on paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C recorded in stalagmites from Southwest China. The results show that: in the Paleolithic Age(260–10 ka BP), archaeological sites were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts of Guizhou, where the high-altitudinal karst landforms with many natural caves suitable for human habitation are developed. In the Neolithic Age(10–3.6 ka BP), most of human settlements were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts, while, a fewer sites were found on river terraces in the southern and eastern parts, and the intermontane basins in the central and western Guizhou. During the Shang-Zhou Dynasties(3.6–2.2 ka BP), the sites were mainly distributed in the intermontane basins and on river terraces, which were suitable for primitive aerial farming. The analysis of paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C since 260 ka BP suggested that climate fluctuations had little impact on human settlements in this study area. The distinct physical environment, especially the spatial patterns of karst landforms and arable land played an important role in the archaeological sites distribution of Guizhou.     

全新世浙江地区气候变化对史前文化的影响(英文)

The temporal-spatial distribution features of prehistoric cultures since the Holocene in Zhejiang region were comparatively analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis. Results show that the prehistoric cultures expanded gradually in this region before 4000 cal. a BP. The notable expansions occurred twice, one in the Majiabang-Hemudu cultural period, the other in the Liangzhu cultural period. Meanwhile, the prehistoric cultures were disseminated from west to east coast along river valleys. After 4000 cal. a BP, as represented by the Maqiao Culture, the distributed area of each prehistoric culture contracted. This is obviously due to the termination of spreading trends to east coast, which was simultaneously accompanied by two different modes of production and economic transitions in the north and south Zhejiang region respectively. The distribution of prehistoric cultures was closely related with Holocene sea-level fluctuations, especially on the banks of Hangzhou Bay, where the distribution changes of prehistoric cultural sites were greatly affected by sea-level changes, with the closest relationships between them. After 7000 cal. a BP, the process of lowered sea-level and regression-epeirogenesis provided wider terrestrial living spaces for prehistoric inhabitants. Based on the comparative analyses of the changes of prehistoric cultures and the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qianmutian subalpine peat of Mt. Tianmu and muddy area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea, it is indicated that the changes of prehistoric cultures were synchronized with environmental changes in Zhejiang region. Before 4000 cal. a BP, the eastward expansion of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the background of the Holocene Optimum, and was the expansion and extension under the joint influences of agricultural civilization and maritime civilization. However, after 4000 cal. a BP, the geographical contraction of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the back-ground of dry-cold climate trend and deterioration of coastal marine environment. It is evidenced from the above fact that the development, expansion and contraction of prehistoric cultures are positively correlated to environmental change. The change of the climatic environment is just the underlying reason for these changes and transitions of production modes and economic forms. Therefore, the climatic environment is the dominant factor of prehistoric culture vicissitudes in Zhejiang region, which has exerted great influence on distribution, dissemination, expansion and transmutation of the culture.     

湿地定义研究进展

基于对湿地定义的概述,分析了各种湿地定义存在的主要问题及其根源,从湿地的发生学因素与诊断特征、"正常情况"与"非正常情况"、湿地定义的多样性、定义问题与边界问题的关系等方面,对湿地定义研究中的共识进行了剖析。分析结果表明,湿地土壤和湿地植被不是所有湿地个体共同的诊断特征,只有湿地水文特征是区分湿地与非湿地的本质特征;对湿地水文阈值的研究,至今还没有找到科学的理论和方法;湿地的客观外延是"正常情况下"的湿地外延与"非正常情况下"湿地特殊外延之和,目前所有湿地定义的外延与湿地的客观外延都不是全同关系,因而所有的湿地定义都是存在问题的;湿地定义研究中所有问题的根源都在于理论基础薄弱。基于逻辑学关于概念的外延确定与内涵确定的理论和方法,认为只有在构建湿地外延确定与内涵确定的理论、方法和科学性评价标准的基础上,才能科学地定义湿地;在明确湿地客观外延的基础上,将湿地内涵的概括具体化为对"要素—指标—阈值"的逐级概括,从而指出湿地定义研究的主体内容和方向。随着对湿地水文、土壤和植被特征研究的深入,湿地边界阈值会越来越明确,统一的、科学的湿地定义必将出现。     

土壤电阻率季节变化与气象因素关系分析

土壤电阻率是表征土壤电导性能的指标,被广泛应用于社会诸多行业。文中利用广州市从化区气象局采集的土壤电阻率数据和常规气象观测资料,对土壤电阻率月变化、季节变化及其与气象因素的关系进行分析。结果发现:受气象因素的影响,土壤电阻率呈现出明显的季节变化特征,土壤电阻率的月平均值最小值出现在降水充沛和温度较高的夏季或秋季,最大值出现在降水较少和温度较低的冬季;总体而言,土壤电阻率在8月前呈现下降趋势,8月后开始呈现上升趋势;土壤电阻率与气温、土壤温度、环境湿度有较高的负相关性,但随着土壤深度的增加,相关性有所下降;降水通过改变土壤含水量对土壤电阻率产生一定的影响,特别是汛期和干旱期土壤电阻率会发生明显的变化;表层和深层土壤电阻率受气象因素影响较小,中间层土壤电阻率受气象因素影响明显。     

佳木斯智慧河湖管理平台设计与实现

围绕示范河湖建设总体要求,基于遥感、地理信息、视频监控等多种技术手段,探讨研究示范河湖信息化平台建设关键技术;面向松花江佳木斯段国家级示范河湖建设,构建河湖数据体系、打造空天地一体化河湖监测体系、研发"佳木斯智慧河湖管理平台",创新河湖管理模式,打造示范河湖建设样板.     

基于大数据的省级国土空间基础信息平台关键技术研究及应用

围绕生态文明建设总体布局和建立国土空间规划体系并监督实施的部署要求,基于大数据技术,以自然资源、测绘地理信息等各类数据资源为基础,研究省级国土空间基础信息平台关键技术,并搭建省级国土空间基础信息平台原型,以黑龙江省国土空间规划监测评估预警系统为例,阐述省级国土空间基础信息平台具体应用,旨在为省级国土空间基础信息平台建设提供借鉴,提升省级国土空间规划管理水平.     

预处理方法对重庆地区考古遗址粒度分析结果的影响

选取重庆石牛寺和大石洞考古遗址剖面,对比不同预处理方法对粒度测试结果的影响。研究表明：1)加蒸馏水浸泡或0.05 mol/L的(NaPO₃)₆分散剂,并用超声波震荡,分散效果均不明显,主要粒度参数与无预处理实验结果接近,表明物理性预处理方法既不能去除碳酸盐、有机质等杂质,也不能使样品中潜在的胶结团粒分散开。2)加H₂O₂可有效除去地层样品中的有机碎屑物,达到提纯无机颗粒物的目的。该方法预处理后,石牛寺考古遗址沉积物平均中值粒径最小,黏土体积分数最高,相比无预处理测试结果,砂体积分数降低50%左右,且在整个剖面中表现非常稳定;但对于大石洞遗址某些碳酸盐胶结物含量丰富的样品而言,该预处理方法作用有限。3)加10%稀HCl预处理后,石牛寺遗址样品中值粒径有所增大,砂体积分数基本持平,黏土体积分数显著降低,大石洞遗址黏土和砂体积分数同步减少,揭示黏土矿物可能在酸性环境下发生絮凝,从而导致体积分数减少。4)对于碳酸盐胶结物含量较低的环境考古样品,只需加H₂O₂除去有...     

航空重力起伏飞行中飞机姿态对测量数据影响分析

在航空重力飞行时,针对GT-1A航空重力系统在同一条测线中使用两种爬升率(1 m/s和2 m/s)进行起伏飞行。考察起伏飞行引起的飞机姿态变化对测量数据的影响,以及在航空重力测量中小坡度缓起伏作业的可行性,是笔者的研究目的。试验结果表明,所使用的两种爬升率对航空重力测量数据未有明显影响,GT-1A航空重力系统可以进行缓起伏飞行测量。     

近百年鄱阳湖湿地格局演变研究

鄱阳湖是我国最大淡水湖和长江中游仅存的两个通江湖泊之一,重建其近百年自然通江的湖泊湿地演变过程,对于鄱阳湖湿地生态修复与保护具有重要意义.本研究基于两期历史时期地形图和遥感产品,构建了 1930s、1970s、1990s、2000s和2010s鄱阳湖湿地格局变化数据集,探究了土地利用方式改变和水文连通变化对鄱阳湖湿地变...