广东沿海陆地地质灾害系统与灾害动力学

依据地质灾害发生的动力学机制以及对地表的影响深度和灾害载体的运动特征，将广东陆地地质灾害划分为三类灾害系，即表层灾害系、表－浅层灾害系和表－深层灾害系，其影响因素和动力源是大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈及人文圈（人类活动）。五大圈造成了地质灾害系的形成、演化和发展，又反过来影响这五大圈的变化。灾害系的能量源归属于三大类：日地系统、地球系统和人类系统。文中指出人类系统的能量源在地质环境和地质灾害的形成、演化中占有越来越重要的地位。     

LOESS IN THE LONGXI BASIN OF GANSU PROVINCE

The Nuanquangou loess section in the Longxi Basin has been examined in terms of stratigraphic investigation,. including 14C dating, paleomagnetic polarity, spore-pollen diagram, and mineral and chemical analyses. The results indicate that the section is one of the ancient loess sections with a continuous sedimentation and composed of homogeneous materials with abundant carbonate. The Brunhes / Matuyama boundary and the Jaramillo event were recorded in the section. Stratigraphically,this section can be divided into the Holocene and the Pleistocene loess. The latter includes Malan, Lishi and Wucheng loess in descending order. They were developed at about 1.2 Ma ago, whereas the Nuanquangou loess section possesses some local characteristics different from those observed in other areas.     

渭南黄土剖面中的稀土元素

对渭南黄土－古土壤序列中稀土元素含量和分布特征的研究结果表明：古土壤比黄土层的∑REE表现丰度高,这主要是古土壤中碳酸盐遭到强烈淋滤造成的相对富集。实际上,在成土过程中稀土元素本身有淋失。黄土层和古土壤层的稀土元素组合模式彼此相似,并且与黄河中游黄土也极相似,这反映了中国黄土的物质来自于相似的源区。黄土中稀土元素对古气候变化的响应主要表现在Ce的异常程度、各种稀土的组成和稀土总量的表现丰度上。因而,δCe、∑Ce/∑Y和∑REE也能从一个方面气候环境的变化。     

广东沿海陆地地质灾害区划

研究中使用了主要地质灾害(地震、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面沉降、地面塌陷、地基下沉、地裂缝、水土流失、港口淤积等)大量的野外调查和文献资料的实际数据,根据综合分析并运用"灾害密度”和"灾害强度”2种指标,将广东沿海陆地划分出9个地质灾害一级区及其所属的32个二级分区,其中包括10个重灾区、10个中灾区和12个弱灾区.首次编制了基于数据库和GIS的1:50万广东沿海陆地主要地质灾害类型与区划图,为地质灾害发育规律的理论研究和国民经济建设的实际应用提供了基础信息和实际数据.分区的结果揭示了地质灾害空间分布特征及其与地质环境和人类活动的关系.     

黄土剖面中古气候变化的地球化学记录

作者通过对陕西洛川黄土剖面中碳酸盐总量、氧化物比值和元素演化周期性的分析,讨论了黄土高原地区2.4Ma以来古气候的演化模式。对渭南黄土剖面高密度连续采集的样品,着重分析了CaCO3、Fe2O3/FeO值和有机碳的高分辨记录。指出它们的变化彼此同步（但趋势不尽相同）,与黄土一古土壤系列变化一致,井与深海沉积物氧同位素可进行良好的对比。它们综合反映了该区134500年来有五次万年级的暖湿（或凉湿）一冷干的气候波动,其中各期又有若干次级的小颤动。它们的变化与季风影响强弱程度明显有关。     

中国黄土的平均化学成分:上部大陆地壳的一种典型代表

本文通过对黄河中游地区马兰黄土的大面积野外实地考察,系统采样和室内分析测试,并采用质量加权平均的计算方法,给出了较为准确的中国黄土平均化学成分数据。中国黄土相对于下地壳和全地壳较富大离子半径的亲石元素而贫亲铁元素;与上部大陆地壳相比,中国黄土除相对较富Ca、B而贫Na、Nb外,其余绝大多数化学元素的丰度均非常接近甚至几乎相等。由此表明,中国黄土确属典型的上部大陆地壳物质,它不仅为暴露的上部大陆地壳提供了一种理想的天然平均样品,而且中国黄土的平均化学成分完全可以作为上部大陆地壳化学成分的代表而加以应用。     

GEOCHEMICAL RECORDS OF PALAEOCLIMATIC CHANGES IN WEINANSECTION SINCE THE LAST INTERGLACIAL

ChineselOeSSischaracterizedbythegreatthicknessandgabscontinuity.ItrererdsQuaternalyclimaticoscillations(Liu,1985).Inrecentyears,scientistshavetriedtOusephysicalorchemicalparameterstOrecostructthepastclimaticchanges.FOrinstance,theparticlesizeisUSedasproxyindicatorforthewintermo~intensity(Liu,1993),stableoxygenisotopicrecordofCarbenatenodulesisusedtoreflectthetemperaturevallationsOfsoilformation(Han,1995),andrnsgneticsuSCeptibilityandCarhanatecontentareughasproxyparametersforsuxnmermourn…     

THE QUATERNARY CLIMO-ENVIRONMENT CHANGES IN CHAIWQPU BASIN OF XINJIANG REGION

This paper describes the paleoclimatic changesoccurring in the Chaiwopu Basin since 730,000 yr.B.P., together with theformation and evolution of Chaiwopu Lake based on the chronology and characteristics of a core drilled in the basin. Analysis of the drilling core provides information on the climate and environment of the area. It would appear that the paleoclimatic changes that occurred in the basin during the Pleistocene was controlled by the relationship between the sun and the earth and by Long-term (10,000 yr.) climatic cycles. The climate tended to cold-dry during the glacial period (ice age) and warm-moist during the interglacial. Following the warm period of the Holocene, short-term (1,000 yr.) climatic cycles occurred in cool-moist periods, similar to the "Little Ice Age", alternated with warm-dry periods.     

黄土改造过程中微量元素的变化

It is evident that active Zn, Cu, Mo and substituted Mn will be gradually inereasing with time after loess is reclaimed into Dazhai farmland. The effective content of Zn has shown a remarkeble inerease even after a planting season within a year‘s time.The effective contents of Zn, Cu, Mn Mo, B deerease from top to bottom in the soil sections in Dazhai farms. The reverse tendeney is only true for active Zn in Some newly built farm bloeks. This may be due to the deficient supply of Zn in the newly built Dashai fields, and, therefore, good results may be expected if Zn fertilizer is used in a proper way.     

广东沿海陆地地质灾害时空分布特征

根据新的野外实地调查和大量文献资料的综合分析，探讨了20世纪后半叶广东沿海陆地主要地质灾害（包括地震、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面沉降、地面塌陷、地基下沉、地裂缝、水土流失、港口淤积等）的时－空分布特征和规律，为沿海防灾减灾战略和陆地经济建设规划提供了地质依据。