浙闽近岸与南黄海中部沉积物物理力学性质的差异性分析

本文对浙闽近岸和南黄海中部泥质区沉积物的物理力学性质,分别从基本物理性质、水理性质及力学性质进行对比分析,发现两个区域沉积物均以淤泥为主,含水率与密度、压缩系数与压缩模量均呈良好的幂函数负相关性,液限与塑限呈良好的幂函数正相关性,含水率与孔隙比呈较好的线性正相关,十字板剪切强度与微型贯入阻力呈较好的多项式函数关系。总体来说,南黄海中部泥质区沉积物相对于浙闽近岸泥质区沉积物具有含水率高、孔隙比大、密度小、塑性高,压缩性大,抗剪强度低等特征。从地形特征、物质来源、水动力条件、沉积速率和物质组成等方面进行两个区域沉积物物理力学性质差异性的成因分析。结果显示,与浙闽近岸相比,南黄海中部离陆较远、地势低洼、水动力条件较弱,能够扩散至此的物质较少并以极细的粘粒物质为主,沉积物中的蒙脱石和有机质含量高。这些因素使得南黄海中部沉积物的含水率高,塑性大,密度低,强度低。     

现代黄河水下三角洲北部土体固结沉降特征及其对地形变化的贡献研究

The sediments of the modern Huanghe River subaqueous delta are easily to generate settlement and lead to topography change which is due to fast deposition rate, high void ratio, moisture content and compressibility. The sediment consolidation settlements and its contribution to the topography change in the northern modern Huanghe River subaqueous delta are studied based on drilling data, laboratory experiment results, and water depth measurements of different time. The results show that the final consolidation settlement of drill holes in the study area is between 1.17 and 3.21 m, and mean settlement of unit depth is between 2.30 and 5.30 cm/m based on the one-dimensional consolidation theory and Plaxis numerical model. The final consolidation settlement obtained by Plaxis numerical model is smaller than that obtained by the one-dimensional consolidation theory,and the difference is 3.4%–39.9% between the methods. The contribution of the consolidation settlement to the topographical change is at 20.2%–86.6%, and the study area can be divided into five different regions based on different contribution rates. In the erosion area, the actual erosion depth caused by hydrodynamics is lower than the changes of measured water depth, however, the actual deposition amount caused by hydrodynamics is much larger than the changes of water depth obtained by measured data in the equilibrium and deposition areas.     

台风“利奇马”对山东省海阳市海滩演化过程的影响

通过无人机和滩面高程监测等技术手段,获取了1909号台风“利奇马”过境山东省海阳市前后的海滩监测数据,分析海滩在台风前后的整体形态和剖面冲淤变化,探讨了海滩演化对台风的响应规律。结果表明,台风过境后海滩整体形态以风成沙丘面积略有扩大、高?中潮带滩面发生下蚀和微地貌消失等现象为主。台风对海滩的影响以侵蚀为主,造成了约2.43×104 m3的侵蚀量,且主要发生在高潮带滩面;风成沙丘以弱淤积为主,但部分岸段发生严重冲蚀;后滨则受大风和冲越流携沙堆积后以弱淤积为主;中低潮带冲淤主要受其滩面坡度控制,表现为高坡度滩面冲蚀,低坡度滩面弱淤积,且台风过后形成多个小型水下沙坝。整体而言,台风“利奇马”对山东海阳海滩演化造成一定的影响,沉积物收支愈发亏损,进一步加重了海阳海滩的侵蚀程度。     

南海北部陆坡区DLW3101孔沉积物特征及古环境意义

利用氧同位素地层学方法确定DLW3101孔底部年龄约为306 ka BP,对沉积物进行粒度和地球化学元素分析,结果显示:22.1~63 μm粗粒级组分的高值可用来指示海平面下降和东亚冬季风的强盛,0.35~1.16 μm和2.32~13.14 μm细粒级组分的高值可用来指示海平面上升和东亚夏季风的增强;Al/Ti和K/Ti比值反映的沉积物源区化学风化强度变化可用来指示东亚夏季风的强弱。     

现代黄河三角洲钓口叶瓣体沉积相及其沉积动力环境特征

The Huanghe River captures the Diaokou River in 1964 and forms a deltaic lobe in the subsequent 12 a. The progradational process of the Diaokou lobe is in associated with complicated evolution of riverine sheet flooding,merging, and swinging. On the basis of 11 borehole cores and 210 km high resolution seismic reflection data set,the sedimentary sequence and dynamic environment of the Diaokou lobe(one subdelta lobe of the modern Huanghe River Delta) are studied. The stratigraphy of the lobe is characterized by an upward-coarsening ternary structure and forms a progradational deltaic clinoform. Totally six seismic surfaces are identifiable in seismic profiles, bounded six seismic units(SUs). These SUs correspond to six depositional units(DUs) in the borehole cores, and among them, SUs 4–6(DUs D to F) consist of the modern Diaokou lobe. Lithological and seismic evidences indicate that the delta plain part of the Diaokou lobe is comprised primarily by fluvial lag sediments together with sediments from sidebanks, overbanks, fluvial flood plains and levees, while the delta front part is a combination of river mouth bar sands(majority) and distal bar and deltaic margin sediments(minority). As a result of the high sedimentation rate and weak hydrodynamic regime in the Huanghe River Delta, the sediments in the delta front are dominated by fine-grained materials. The grain size analysis indicates the Huanghe River hyperpycnal-concentrated flow shows the suspension, transportation and sedimentation characteristics of gravity flow, and the sediment transportation is primarily dominated by graded suspension, while uniform suspension and hydrostatic suspension are also observed in places. The strength of the hydrodynamic regime weakens gradually offshore from riverbed, river mouth bar, sidebank, distal bar subfacies to delta lateral margin and flooding plain subfacies.     

我国近海海底浅层气分布特征

海底浅层气是一种海洋灾害地质类型,一旦发生灾害,将对经济造成不可估量的损失。本文在相关文献资料和调查结果的基础上编制了1∶50万我国近海海底浅层气分布图。对已发现的我国近海海底浅层气分布特征进行了初步总结与探讨,以期为海上工程建设及减灾防灾提供重要的环境资料与参考。我国近海海底分布着大面积的浅层气,在辽东湾、山东半岛滨浅海、长江口、杭州湾、浙江近岸、珠江口、北部湾、琼东南近海、黄河水下三角洲外海海底、长江水下三角洲前缘和前三角洲相,存在大面积以生物成因为主的浅层气;而黄海、东海、南海陆架油气资源区数百米地层中的浅层气受断裂控制,分布有热成成因的浅层高压气囊和气团。     

我国典型海岛地质灾害类型特征及成因分析

本文通过海岛调查及已有文献资料分析,发现我国典型海岛存在滑坡、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、湿地退化、水土流失、地面沉降、风沙灾害、断层、港湾淤积、滩面冲蚀、沙滩泥化、浅层气、砂土液化、地震、软土地基15种地质灾害类型。滑坡灾害最多,基岩岛岛岸、岛陆和近岸海底均可发生;其次为海岸侵蚀,在基岩岛、泥沙岛均有分布,主要发生于岛岸;再次为海水入侵(含咸潮入侵),在基岩岛、泥沙岛岛岸均可发生;湿地退化也在基岩岛、泥沙岛岛岸均可发生;其他灾害类型的分布较少。通过对海岛典型地质灾害的成因机制分析,发现各地质灾害都是自然因素和人为活动共同作用的结果,并且人为活动的影响逐渐加剧,各地质灾害之间还存在着成因上的联系。     

辽东湾北部LH01孔晚更新世24Ka以来古环境演变

通过对辽东湾北部LH01孔柱状岩芯样品进行粒度、孢粉、有孔虫和测年多项环境指标测试,探讨了辽东湾北部晚更新世24ka BP以来的古环境演变。LH01孔沉积环境经历了晚更新世晚期河湖相沉积—全新世早期海陆交互相沉积—全新世中期浅海相沉积—全新世晚期河口滨海相沉积;气候经历了晚更新世晚期冷较干—晚更新世晚期凉稍润—新仙女木降温—全新世早期凉稍润—全新世中期温暖较润—全新世中期温暖较干—全新世晚期温较干的变化;LH01孔在大约7.5ka BP发生了盘山海侵。     

山东省北长山岛海岸滑坡演化特征及成因机制

通过无人机航拍、探地雷达、三维激光扫描仪和位移传感器等技术手段建立的海岸滑坡周期性和实时性监测预警系统,获得了2012年3月至2014年9月的北长山岛海岸滑坡体监测数据。山东省北长山岛海岸滑坡位于长岛县山后村附近,因开山采石造成山体陡立形成临空危险面而处于极不稳定的状态,内部节理和裂隙及千枚岩层的存在是滑坡发生的主要内在因素,而人为采石和暴雨等极端条件是导致滑坡发生最重要的影响因素。山体呈现整体下滑而顶部向外拉张的趋势,累计滑动距离超过0.3 m,高程变化5.0～10.0 m,具有大雨大滑、小雨小滑的特点,其滑动距离与降雨量具有很强的正相关性,日降雨量大于80 mm时滑坡体失稳。自然因素与人为因素共同导致了北长山岛滑坡体的发生,其成因机制特别是极端天气条件下的演化特征研究对丰富和发展海岛滑坡地质灾害监测预警理论体系具有十分重要的意义。     

山东半岛东部典型砂质海岸侵蚀特征及其影响因素

利用岸滩剖面高程监测、沉积物粒度变化和动力环境分析的方法,以海阳市沙滩侵蚀演化过程为例分析了山东半岛东部典型砂质海岸的侵蚀特征和影响因素。结果表明,海阳市沙滩整体以侵蚀为主,2018—2019年沙滩总侵蚀量为2.48×10⁴m³。其中,丁字嘴沙滩以侵蚀为主,但两侧受河口的影响呈现局部滩面稳定和后滨弱淤积的现象;潮里—庄上—羊角畔沙滩滩面侵蚀从西向东逐渐增强;万米沙滩中部侵蚀严重,两端相对较弱。表层沉积物由陆向海逐渐变细,但整体上呈现粗化的趋势。波浪和极端天气是控制沙滩侵蚀变化的重要动力因素,而坡度则是导致沙滩剖面形态变化和表层沉积物差异的重要因素之一。