考虑堆土积水影响的变荷载下层状地基一维固结度计算及其应用研究

在前人工作的基础上,给出变荷载作用下任意层地基一维固结度计算解析式,提出考虑堆土积水影响的土体固结度计算方法,应用于某宽230～750m、长6500m,总面积为310万m2的国际机场场道大面积堆土预压地基处理工程实例,结合预压过程中堆载区域地下水位、超静孔隙水压力、地表沉降、分层沉降及测斜等监测资料的综合分析与研究,发现堆土中积水对大面积堆载预压过程中地基沉降有十分重要的影响,较全面地阐述了土中积水对堆载预压排水固结的影响机理,并进一步根据工程应用实践,证实了本文研究成果与实测资料相符较好,可供类似工程参考使用.     

Effects of temperature and salinity on the development of the amphipod crustacean Eogammarus sinensis

The amphipod crustacean Eogammarus sinensis has useful features that make it suitable for use in the aquaculture of fish and large decapod crustaceans.In this study,we investigated the effects of temperature and salinity on the development,fecundity,survival,and growth rate of E.sinensis.The results show that temperature significantly affected E.sinensis development,but salinity.As temperature increased,the duration of E.sinensis embryonic development decreased.Fecundity was affected significantly by temperature and the combination of temperature and salinity,but by salinity alone.In addition,high temperatures accelerated E.sinensis juvenile growth rates,whereas high salinity reduced it.Therefore,our data suggest that E.sinensis tolerates a wide range of salinities and that temperature has more significant effects than salinity on the embryonic development,fecundity,and growth of E.sinensis.Our results shall be useful for mass production of this species for use in aquaculture.     

活化灌溉水对土壤理化性质和作物生长影响途径剖析

随着水资源短缺问题日益突出,提高我国农业水资源生产效率成为现代灌溉农业的重要研究内容。活化灌溉水技术为挖掘灌溉水的生理生产潜力、提高灌溉水在农业生态系统中的综合功效,提供了新的途径。在综合分析国内外有关活化水理化性质变化特征、活化灌溉水对土壤物质传输与转化、活化灌溉水促进作物生长等方面研究进展的基础上,根据土壤物理、作物生理和物质传输动力学基本理论,剖析了活化灌溉水对土壤物质传输、土壤物质转化、根系吸水吸养、作物产量形成的可能影响途径,并提出了未来重点研究的基础科学和应用技术问题,为科学合理利用活化灌溉水技术提供参考。     

Variations in retention efficiency of bivalves to different concentrations and organic content of suspended particles

Retention efficiencies (RE) of scallop (Chlamys farreri),oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) in a flow-through system were measured to understand the short-term response to various particle and organic matter concentrations.By comparing the RE of C.farreri with that of C.gigas and M.edulis,we gained further knowledge on the feeding physiological characteristics of C.farreri and ascertained the possible cause of high summer mortalities of this species.The experimental feeding conditions in...     

聚合物驱后凝胶与二元复合体系段塞式交替注入驱油效果

针对大庆油田N5区西部P1试验区块聚合物驱后含水率上升速度加快,产油量降低,且尚存大量剩余油的现状,提出进一步提高聚合物驱后剩余油的凝胶与二元复合体系段塞式交替注入驱油技术,通过实验分析铬离子凝胶体系黏度的影响因素,研究聚合物驱后凝胶体系与二元复合体系(相对分子质量为2 500万的聚合物和RMA-1型表面活性剂)段塞式交替注入驱油的效果;通过数值模拟分析聚合物驱后凝胶与二元复合体系段塞式交替注入驱油的可行性.结果表明:凝胶与二元体系段塞式交替注入驱油阶段采收率在聚合物驱基础上提高10%以上,说明该技术可以作为聚合物驱后进一步提高原油采收率的技术储备.     

中国浅海贝藻养殖对海洋碳循环的贡献

中国是浅海贝藻养殖的第一大国,年产量超过1 000万t。根据贝藻养殖产量、贝藻体内碳元素的含量及其贝类能量收支,推算出2002年中国海水养殖的贝类和藻类使浅海生态系统的碳可达300多万t,并通过收获从海中移出至少120万t的碳。该结果不仅为探讨全球“遗漏的碳汇”问题提供了一个新的线索,同时也证明了浅海的贝类和藻类养殖活动直接或间接地使用了大量的海洋碳,提高了浅海生态系统吸收大气CO2的能力。另外,贝藻的养殖活动与浅海生态系统的碳循环之间关系复杂,相互作用明显,因此,它的生物地球化学过程是一个值得深入研究的科学问题。