海洋沉积物中多元素分析测定方法

介绍了海洋沉积物消化及多元素分析的测定方法。分析测定过程中 ,应选用国家标准溶液。标准溶液的蒸发次数、加酸量、稀释倍数等对样品测定结果的准确性均有一定影响。消化过程中 ,过多的蒸发次数对微量元素 Cr、V的测定结果有明显影响 ,蒸发的次数越多 ,元素的损失量越大 ,因此 ,为了获得更准确的测定结果 ,应尽可能减少蒸发次数 ,并减少加酸量 ;测定常量元素时 ,样品较大的稀释倍数使获得数据的可靠性增大 ,通常 0 .2 5 g样品应稀释至 5 0m L,0 .5 g样品应稀释至 1 0 0 m L。     

多种核素在沉积物中的垂直和平面分布

应用γ谱仪测量了鸭绿江口及黄河口海域沉积物中的多种核素。由于这些区域 ,特别是黄河口 ,沉积速度快 ,泥沙从陆地直接搬运到海底 ,因此 ,2 10 Pb和 2 3 4 Th在沉积物表层均不呈现过剩 ,2 3 8U系的各子体之间基本处于放射性平衡状态。本文中 2 14 Pb的最高比活度是(6 .2 0± 0 .2 1 ) 1 0 - 2 Bq/g,最低为 (3 .0 0± 0 .3 5 ) 1 0 - 2 Bq/g。2 2 8Ac的最高比活度是 (6 .6 0± 0 .5 8)× 1 0 - 2 Bq/g,最低为 (2 .80± 0 .3 8)× 1 0 - 2 Bq/g。诸核素的平面分布与垂直分布均有一定波动 ,这种波动与沉积物的陆源变化及海洋水动力学作用有关。Ra与其他核素比较 ,更容易溶解 ,在地表水形成时 ,Ra已出现过剩。因此 ,在河口沉积物的表层 ,2 2 8Th呈现过剩。这种过剩可用来测河口的沉积速度。世界各主要有核国家已长期停止大气层核试验 ,因此 ,本文测得的 13 7Cs含量相当低 ,有些层次已不能检出     

Distribution of heavy metals and nutrients in rainwater in coastal regions between the southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Rainwater samples were collected in series in Qianliyan Island (southern Yellow Sea) and Shengsi Archipelago (East China Sea) between May 2000 and May 2002, chemical analysis for pH values,concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) and nutrients (NH4^-, NO3^-, PO43^-, SiO32^-) were performed.Results indicate that concentrations of most of the heavy metals and nutrients in rainwater show clear seasonal variation, i.e. high level in winter and low level in summer. Regionally, concentrations are higher in the southern Yellow Sea than in the East China Sea, but the annual input of heavy metals into oceans by wet deposition is similar in both stations. However, the input of nutrients by wet deposition in the East China Sea is 2-3 times higher than that in the southern Yellow Sea. In individual, Pb and PO4^3- are input to the sea mainly by dry deposition; whereas Cu, Zn, Cd and N compounds are input dominantly by wet deposition, the N/P ratios in the rainwater from two stations are much higher than those in seawater, showing a significant impact of atmospheric wet deposition on marine production and biogeochemical circulation of nutrients in these sea regions.     

Examination of Daytime Length＇s Influence on Phytoplankton Growth in Jiaozhou Bay, China

This study showed how the daytime length in Jiaozhou Bay affected the water temperature, which in turn affected the phytoplankton growth when solar radiation was sufficient for phytoplankton photosynthesis. Jiaozhou Bay observation data collected from May 1991 to February 1994 were used to analyze the daytime length vs water temperature relationship. Our study showed that daytime length and the variation controlled the cycle of water temperature flunctuation. Should the cyclic variation curve of the daytime length be moved back for two months it would be superimposed with temperature change. The values of daytime length and temperature that calculated in the dynamical model of daytime length lag vs water temperature were consistent with observed values. The light radiation and daytime length in this model determined the photochemistry process and the enzymic catalysis process of phytoplankton photosynthesis. In addition, by considering the effect of the daytime length on water temperature and photosynthesis, we could comprehend the joint effect of daytime length, water temperature, and nutrients, on the spatiotemperal variation of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay.     

长江口外氧的亏损

1999年8月20~30日, 对黄海和东海海域进行了一次为期10 d的海洋科学考察,在长江河口外发现有一处面积达13700 km², 平均厚度达20 m的底层低溶氧区(DO<2 mg/L), 其含氧量最低值达到1 mg/L. 沿-100 m的等深线DO值低于3.5 mg/L的底部低氧海区向东南方向一直延伸到了东海大陆架. 在低溶氧区域, 表观耗氧量(AOU)为5.8 mg/L, 亏损氧总量达1.59×10⁶ t. 在这一海域存在着由于长江径流的注入以及台湾暖流造成的海水上涌形成强的温盐跃层, 限制了表层高含量氧向底层扩散, 表层浮游植物光合作用产生的大量颗粒态有机碳向底层输送, 并在底层进行化学和生物氧化是形成低氧海区底层氧亏损的主要原因. 同时, 长江径流携带的N, P污染物输入的不断增加更是为氧亏损水域表层浮游植物的生长提供了丰富的营养盐, 从而加剧了该水域氧的亏损.     

黄河口底质中重金属的存在形式

在对颗粒态悬浮体和底质中重金属的研究方面,较多的工作是测定其总量。但仅用总浓度来评价底质的污染情况是不够确切的,因为不同结合形式的金属对环境的影响不同,对生物体的毒性也不同,当水介质环境发生变化时,将使某些结合形态的重金属从颗粒态中释放出来。采用合适的试剂将重金属的不同结合部分进行选择性地提取,再分别测定,对于了解微量金属的来源、变化的形式、迁移的规律和对生物的毒害作用,能提供更可靠、更真实的信息。     

长江口盐沼湿地底栖微藻的分布特征及其对有机质产出的贡献长江口盐沼湿地底栖微藻的分布特征及其对有机质产出的贡献

2006年6月(夏季)和12月(冬季)分别对长江口九段沙湿地潮滩底栖微藻的分布状况进行了调查,估算了湿地内各主要初级生产者的生产力并进行了比较。结果显示分布于该盐沼湿地的底栖微藻在光照条件下主要聚集于沉积物表层,形成其生物量随深度增加而迅速减少的垂直分布模式,并随滩面植被盖度从大到小的顺序呈现为：光滩、藨草区、米草区≈芦苇区的水平分布特征。九段沙湿地中单位面积上底栖微藻的生物量远高于上覆水中浮游植物的生物量,其单位面积生产力也显著高于后者,表明底栖微藻在源自单胞藻的湿地有机产出中占有主导地位。九段沙湿地中底栖微藻总生物量远低于地表维管植物,其生物量仅占潮滩初级生产者总生物量的约041%,所产出的有机质却达到潮滩总初级生产力约1653%,意味着这种高营养、易摄取的有机产出有能力成为维持该湿地生态系统的重要食物来源之一。     

大气降水中化学组分及其制约因素(Ⅱ)

4 讨论 4.1 相关处理 使用这种处理方法(图2)可以帮助我们对青岛等5个地区降水的化学组成受海洋和陆地     

胶州湾沉积物的放射性核素含量分布与沉积速率

用HPGeγ谱方法测定了胶州湾表层沉积物、沉积物岩心、潮间带沉积物和周围陆地沉积物的放射性核素238U、228Ra、228Th、226Ra、210Pb、40K和137Cs.笔者对胶州湾沉积物、潮间带沉积物和陆地表层沉积物的放射性核素分布进行研究,结果得出,湾东部沉积物和东岸陆地沉积物具有较高的放射性核素含量.对沉积物岩心放射性核素分布的成因进行了分析,并用210Pbex和137cs方法估算了沉积速率,给出的胶州湾的沉积速率为0.64~1.74 cm/a.     

DETERMINATION OF SEDIMENTARY RATE IN ESTUARY AND COAST BY ^228 Th TECHNIQUE

Analysis of ^232Th, ^230Th , and ^228Th in sediments showed that there was an excess of ^228Th over that supported by the parents ^282Th or ^228Ra in sediments in many regions. This excess ^228Th with a half-life of 1.91 years can be used for dating purpose over a time period of the order of a decade, so average sedimentary rates in the Yalujiang River Estuary, and in the Huanghe River Estuazy and its adjacent Laizhou Bay can be obtained from decreases in the excess ^228Th activity as a function of depth in sediment.