Zonal displacement of western Pacific warm pool and zonal wind anomaly over the Pacific Ocean

The thermal condition anomaly of the western Pacific warm pool and its zonal displacement have very important influences on climate change in East Asia and even the whole world. However, the impact of the zonal wind anomaly over the Pacific Ocean on zonal displacement of the warm pool has not yet been analyzed based on long-term record. Therefore, it is important to study the zonal displacement of the warm pool and its response to the zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Based on the NCDC monthly averaged SST (sea surface temperature) data in 2°×2° grid in the Pacific Ocean from 1950 to 2000, and the NCEP/NCAR global monthly averaged 850 hPa zonal wind data from 1949 to 2000, the relationships between zonal displacements of the western Pacific warm pool and zonal wind anomalies over the tropical Pacific Ocean are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the zonal displacements are closely related to the zonal wind anomalies over the western, central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Composite analysis indicates that during ENSO events, the warm pool displacement was trigged by the zonal wind anomalies over the western equatorial Pacific Ocean in early stage and the process proceeded under the zonal wind anomalies over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean unless the wind direction changes. Therefore, in addition to the zonal wind anomaly over the western Pacific, the zonal wind anomalies over the central and eastern Pacific Ocean should be considered also in investigation the dynamical mechanisms of the zonal displacement of the warm pool.     

贵州黑色岩系金-铂族元素地球化学特征及成因分析

为探讨贵州下寒武统黑色岩系中铂族元素物质来源及钼-镍、钒多金属形成的沉积环境与成矿作用,在钼-镍、钒多金属层及其顶底页岩、底部硅质岩中采集样品测试分析。通过对样品中金、铂族元素含量(质量分数)及其地球化学特征值研究,结果表明：黑色岩系中金及铂族元素含量显示协同变化特征;Pd富集,Ru、Ir亏损明显,Pt、Rh、Os基本持平或略有变化;样品的原始地幔标准值标准化模式配分曲线从Os、Ru、Rh、Ir、Pt到Pd大致呈“W”型,配分曲线略呈左倾,总体上呈现w(Pd)>w(Pt)>w(Os)>w(Rh)>w(Ru)>w(Ir)的变化关系;黑色岩系铂族元素来源与正常海水及海底热水喷流作用关系密切,地外来源可能性极小;黑色岩系钼-镍、钒多金属层中铂族元素的富集存在单独成矿作用或成矿作用的叠加,而且在钒多金属层内局部存在分层或条带分异。     

汪家寨煤矿煤与瓦斯突出规律及其主控因素分析

汪家寨煤矿是严重的煤与瓦斯突出矿井,依据矿区实际瓦斯地质资料,运用瓦斯地质理论和构造演化理论,研究了区域和井田构造控制特征。分析认为该矿主要以中小型突出、倾出为主,压出为辅;随煤层埋深的增加突出强度增大;C409煤突出最为严重;突出多发生在煤巷掘进面及断层影响带。分析了埋藏深度、顶底板岩性、煤厚及其变化、软分层、地质构造等因素对煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的影响,认为断层及其影响带、厚煤尤其是其增厚部位是煤与瓦斯突出的易发区域,因此断层构造和煤层厚度及其变化控制着该矿突出的发生和分布规律,为煤与瓦斯突出的主控因素。研究成果为矿井突出防治工作提供了理论指导。     

贵州下寒武统黑色岩系多金属矿层成矿物质来源的铅同位素示踪

为探讨贵州黑色岩系多金属矿层的成因和成矿物质来源,文章对镇远江所出露的黑色岩系多金属层铅同位素进行了测试。结果表明,黑色岩系多金属矿石铅来源于壳源混合铅,且具有富铀铅贫钍铅的特点,下寒武统牛蹄塘组的下伏灯影组富铀铅而贫钍铅的化学沉积物可能提供了较多的成矿物质。成矿物质主要来源于地壳,具有地幔铅混染的特点,是岩浆作用,化学沉积作用,海底热水作用共同参与的结果。黑色岩系多金属矿层的形成是多种成矿作用过程叠加的结果,具有多来源,多期次的成矿特点。     

陵页岩气井新工具的应用与经济评价

涪陵地区页岩层蕴含着丰富的天然气资源,具有较大的开采前景。区块主要目的层为上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组下部页岩气层。上部泥页岩地层井壁稳定性差,地层承压能力低,溶洞发育、易坍塌、易漏失;海相沉积地层流体分布复杂,部分地层岩性变化大,可钻性差,机械钻速较低;采用丛式布井,水平井井眼轨迹复杂,靶前位移大,大井眼定向扭方位困难、托压严重。现场试验使用了旋转导向、扭力冲击器、旋冲马达、水力振荡器等新技术、新工具,大幅度提高机械钻速,缩短钻井周期,取得一定的经济效益。阐述了几种新技术和新工具的工作原理、现场应用情况,并对其经济效果进行了评价。     

Climate anomalies in the southern high latitudes associated with the Subtropical Dipole Mode

Climate anomalies in the southern high latitude associated with the Subtropical Dipole Mode (SDM) are investigated using a 23-year database consisting of SLP (sea level pressure), surface air temperature (SAT) and sea surface temperature (SST). The analysis depicts, for the first time, the spatial variability in the relationship of the above variables with the Subtropical Dipole Mode Index (SDI). It suggests that the SDM signal exists in the southern high latitudes and the correlation fields exhibit a wavenumber-3 pattern around the circumpolar Southern Ocean. Lead-lag correlation analysis used to the SLP, SAT, and SST anomalies with the SDI time series at the positive and negative correlation extremes shows that the southern-high-latitude climate responses to SDM almost instantaneously proposing the connection is by atmospheric and not by oceanic propagation.     

长江冲淡水与邻近海域生态环境的关系

基于实测资料和已有的理论结果,我们首先讨论了不同季节长江淡水的路径,还涉及了长江冲淡水对生态环境,特别对生物赖以生存的有机盐分布的影响。     

台风过程研究中四维资料同化方法的探讨及应用

与把任意分布的观测值通过空间和时间插值分析到网格点的方法相比较,结合动力关系分析大气场问题的方法,其优势十分明显.Charney等[1]建议在一个能提供时间连续和动力耦合的模式预报方程中,有机地结合现在和过去的资料.后来这个概念被发展为众所周知的四维资料同化(FDDA).起初,四维资料同化主要应用于全球尺度,现在,无论是动力初始化还是作为一个分析或者研究工具,四维资料同化都有效地应用在中尺度模式上[2,3].     

台湾海峡暖流成因的研究——冬季逆风流的一种解释

求解渠道中的线性化流动问题,用以模拟台湾海峡中的流动。固有的(由大洋环流维持的)纵向海面坡度和岸边阻挡作用将诱发更大的横向海面坡度,它产生的梯度流强化了台湾海峡暖流。夏季偏南风将加强这股流动,而冬季偏北风将削弱这股流动,并可在表层形成顺风漂流,但次表层以下仍维持逆风海流。海峡中的北向流在靠大陆一侧形成上升流,这可能是构成闽中、闽北上升流的一种机制。     

生物样品中铝的消解方法试验

通过干湿法消解方式对比试验进行了生物样品中铝的测定,采用了传统的铬天青S光度法测定消解后试液中的铝,并完成了对国家标准物质GSB1,GSB5中铝的测试。