考虑焊缝影响的管接头有限元分析

本文提出了一种用罚单元方法及虚梁法处理海洋平台管状接头分析中弱连接问题的方法。有效地用来考虑焊缝影响的管状接头应力分析。应用本方法对T型管接头进行了数值计算,计算的结果与实验结果相当符合。由于计入了焊缝对结点处应力分布的影响,本法较一般已有的算法更合理。本文还探讨了焊缝形状及尺寸对‘热点’位置及应力集中系数的影响。     

渤海油田浅水软刚臂系泊FPSO触底分析

在线性三维势流理论的基础上,采用时域计算方法对BZ25—1油田16万吨级FPSO不同吃水条件下的碰底情况作了分析研究。数值计算结果与模型试验进行了比较,两者吻合较好,说明应用时域计算方法可以从理论上预报FPSO在浅水中的触底情况。这对我国渤海等浅水海域油田应用FPSO系统进行开发具有一定的意义。     

Simplified Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Top Tensioned Risers

According to the characteristics of deepwater top tensioned risers, a simplified model is presented to predict the multi-modal response of vortex-induced vibration （VIV） in non-uniform flow based on energy equilibrium theory and the exporimental data from VIV self-excited and forced oscillations of rigid cylinders. The response amplitude of each mode is determined by a balance between the energy fed into the riser over the lock-in regions and the energy dissipated by the fluid damping over the remainders. Compared with the previous prediction models, this method can take fully account of the intrinsic nature of VIV for low mass ratio structures on lock-in regions, added mass and nonlinear fluid damping effect, etc. Moreover, it is the first time to propose the accurate calculating procedure for VIV amplitude correction factor by solving energy equilibrium equation and a closed form solution is presented for the case of a riser of uniform mass and cross-section oscillating in a uniform flow. The predicted values show a reasonable agreement with VIV experiments of riser models in stepped and sheared currents.     

内孤立波与深海立管相互作用数值模拟

提出了一种对内孤立波与深海立管相互作用耦合数值模拟方法。流场采用内孤立波数值水槽方法进行模拟,结构响应采用基于薄壳理论的有限元方法进行计算,采用一种将流场和结构响应数据进行实时传输的方法,实现了流体与固体之间的耦合数值模拟。对内孤立波作用下某长径比为1 200的深海立管载荷及其动力响应特性进行了数值模拟与分析。结果表明内孤立波不仅会对深海立管产生突发性剪切载荷作用,而且还会使立管产生大幅度变形响应现象,因此在深海立管设计与应用中,内孤立波的影响是不可忽视的。研究表明,该方法为研究内孤立波作用下深海立管动力特性及其工程预报相关问题提供了一种有效的手段。     

内转塔式单点系泊系统设计方法研究

以南中国海恩平24-2油田开发工程为背景,针对南中国海海域恶劣环境条件,提出了新建单点系泊系统的总体方案规划与设计方法,为工程总承包(EPCI)提供技术支持,并确定了适用于恩平24-2油田开发的单点形式——带解脱装置内转塔式永久单点系泊系统。首先针对恩平24-2油田海域特征,规划出最适宜的单点总体布置,然后根据油田环境参数,提出了内转塔式单点系泊系统(包括浅水系泊系统、动态立管和动态电缆)的设计方法并对其系泊系统进行分析。研究结果可以看出内转塔式单点系泊系统设计方法对于环境恶劣海况下的单点设计具有指导意义,并能为国内单点的技术发展积累设计经验。     

海洋工程风险接受准则研究进展

简要介绍了海洋工程风险接受准则研究的重要意义及其确定原则，分析了海洋工程中个人、社会及环境风险接受准则的研究及其应用现状，指出目前海洋工程风险接受准则研究要解决的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Cost-Benefit Assessment of Inspection and Repair Planning for Ship Structures Considering Corrosion Model Uncertainty

Owing to high costs and unnecessary inspections necessitated by the traditional inspection planning for ship structures, the risk-based inspection and repair planning should be investigated for the most cost-effective inspection. This paper aims to propose a cost-benefit assessment model of risk-based inspection and repair planning for ship structures subjected to corrosion deterioration. Then, the benefit-cost ratio is taken to be an index for the selection of the optimal inspection and repair strategy. The planning problem is formulated as an optimization problem where the benefit-cost ratio for the expected lifetime is maximized with a constraint on the minimum acceptalbe reliability index. To account for the effect of corrosion model uncertainty on the cost-benefit assessment, two corrosion models, namgly, Paik＇ s model and Guedes Soares＇ model, are adopted for analysis. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed method. Sensitivity studies are also providet. The results indicate that the proposed method of risk-based cost-benefit analysis can effectively integrate the economy with reliability of the inspection and repair planning. A balance can be achieved between the risk cost and total expected inspection and repair costs with the proposed method, which is very. effective in selecting the optimal inspection and repair strategy. It is pointed out that the corrosion model uncertainty and parametric uncertaintg have a significant impact on the cost-benefit assessment of inspection and repair planning.     

海洋工程人因可靠性研究进展

海洋结构物在其生命周期的设计、建筑和工作等阶段中发生的灾害性事故（船舶和海洋平台的碰撞、搁浅、腐蚀病劳破坏、沉船、火灾、爆炸等）大多与人为错误和组织错误（ＨＯＥ有关,据统计,大约６０％～９０％的事故意 由ＨＯＥ引起,因此海洋工程中进行人因可靠性分析研究很有必要,在全面回顾近年来各国在这一领域的研究现状,分析和总结人因可靠性评估（ＨＲＡ）研究方法的基础上,重点介绍了失效模式及影响分析（ＦＭＥＡ）,事     

基于风险的海洋结构物无损检测功能的分级

提出了基于风险的海洋结构物无损检测功能分级方法,采用检测概率、错误识别概率和裂纹出现概率度量检测功能,并修正了错误识别概率的取值范围。根据风险值对无损检测功能进行了分级,研究了风险值随检测概率、错误识别概率和裂纹出现概率的变化规律,分析了风险值对检测费用、维修费用及失效费用的敏感性。在此基础上,将基于风险的海洋结构物无损检测功能分级方法应用于优化检测策略,用算例证明了文中所提方法的有效性。     

人因综合安全评估(FSA)方法在海洋结构物事故中的应用研究

将人作为系统的一个部分研究其对系统安全性产生的影响,是风险评估中不可回避的问题.本文把人为因素作为海洋结构物事故中一个分系统,利用综合评估的方法对其进行研究,系统分析了海洋结构物事故中人为失误的各种原因,并提出了人为因素综合安全评估中有待解决和值得关注的问题.