全球实时海洋观测网(Argo)与上层海洋结构、变异及预测研究

围绕国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“基于全球实时海洋观测计划(Argo)的上层海洋结构、变异及预测研究”,首先介绍Argo这一新型全球海洋观测网给海洋和大气科学带来的发展机遇以及我们面临的挑战,接着阐述项目重点研究区域西北太平洋和热带印度洋—太平洋的国内外进展,最后给出了项目的关键科学问题和主要研究内容。     

灵山岛附近海域的潮流特征

灵山岛东临南黄海,西濒大陆,岸线曲折,地形复杂,因而这里的潮流除受黄梅潮波系统的影响之外,还明显地受到地形的影响。黄海潮波是由路经东海的太平洋潮波继续向西北方向传播形成的。由于受山东半岛和辽东半岛南岸的反射作用,在山东半岛南岸和成山头附近分别形成两个M_2分潮无潮点,另外在南黄海中部还形成一个K_1分潮无潮点。因此,黄海潮波则为颇具驻波性质的潮波。就灵山岛的地理位置而言,山东半岛南岸的M_2分潮无潮点位于其东侧大约80nmile处,而K_1分潮无潮点位于其东偏南约140nmile     

西太平洋暖池热含量时频特征的区域性

根据1955-1999年间的JEDAC月平均海温资料，利用Morlet小波变换方法，对西太平洋暖池东、西代表区热含量的时（间）-频（率）特征进行了分析，并用交叉谱分析方法探讨了两海区热含量间的耦合振荡，结果表明，暖池热含量的时频特征具有明显的区域性，即暖池东、西区热含量的年际和年代际变化都是反相的，且其年际变化的时频特征有较大差异，暖池东、西区热含量间主要存在着年际（43个月）和年代际（172个月）时间尺度的反位相耦合振荡。     

东海G断面平均温、盐度变化与厄尔尼诺关系的初步分析

本文试图利用位于东海黑潮区G断面温、盐度的多年观测资料,对该断面平均温、盐度变化与厄尔尼诺的关系进行了分析,以期有助于研究黑潮对我国东海及邻近海域环流和沿海气候的影响。 Ⅰ.资料来源及统计方法 由于采用的划分标准和指数不同,因而对     

应用模糊聚类法对夏季胶州湾海水类型的初步划分

自1980年胶州湾被选为水产生产农牧化增养殖实验基地以来,中国科学院海洋研究所及有关单位对该海湾进行了大量的调查研究工作,发表了一些研究成果;但对该海湾海水的基本类型尚未进行过系统的划分。本文拟采用模糊聚类法,利用1981年8月份16个测站的实测资料,对夏季胶州湾的海水类型进行初步分析。     

青岛冷水团强度的变化特征

青岛冷水团盘踞于山东半岛东南部近海的深底层。它是南黄海西部海域中的一个突出而重要的水文现象。青岛冷水团的存在和变动不仅使南黄海西部的环流结构和水文状况趋于复杂，而且还影响山东近海渔场春汛渔期的早晚和鱼群的集散程度(郑东等，1983；张元奎等，1989)。 目前，对青岛冷水团的温、盐特性及其成因早已有研究(郑东等，1983；张启龙等，1996；Zhang et al.，2002)，但有关青岛冷水团的长期变化特征尚未见报道。作者在已有研究结果基础上，利用1959~1995年间的水温资料，对青岛冷水团强度的变化特征进行分析，以期加深对青岛冷水团的认识以及为该海域海洋水产资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

Variation in joint mode of the tropical Indian-Pacific Ocean thermodynamic anomaly

Previous research has defined the index of the Indian-Pacific thermodynamic anomaly joint mode (IPTAJM) and suggested that the winter IPTAJM has an important impact on summer rainfall over China. However, the possible causes for the interannual and decadal variability of the IPTAJM are still unclear. Therefore, this work investigates zonal displacements of both the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) and the eastern Indian Ocean warm pool (EIOWP). The relationships between the WPWP and the EIOWP and the IPTAJM are each examined, and then the impacts of the zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans on the IPTAJM are studied. The WPWP eastern edge anomaly displays significant interannual and decadal variability and experienced a regime shift in about 1976 and 1998, whereas the EIOWP western edge exhibits only distinct interannual variability. The decadal variability of the IPTAJM may be mainly caused by both the zonal migration of the WPWP and the 850 hPa zonal wind anomaly over the central equatorial Pacific. On the other hand, the zonal migrations of both the WPWP and the EIOWP and the zonal wind anomalies over the central equatorial Pacific and the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean may be all responsible for the interannual variability of the IPTAJM.     

Variation in joint mode of the tropical Indian-Pacific Ocean thermodynamic anomaly

Previous research has defined the index of the Indian-Pacific thermodynamic anomaly joint mode (IPTAJM) and suggested that the winter IPTAJM has an important impact on summer rainfall over China. However, the possible causes for the interannual and decadal variability of the IPTAJM are still unclear. Therefore, this work investigates zonal displacements of both the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) and the eastern Indian Ocean warm pool (EIOWP). The relationships between the WPWP and the EIOWP and the IPTAJM are each examined, and then the impacts of the zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans on the IPTAJM are studied. The WPWP eastern edge anomaly displays significant interannual and decadal variability and experienced a regime shift in about 1976 and 1998, whereas the EIOWP western edge exhibits only distinct interannual variability. The decadal variability of the IPTAJM may be mainly caused by both the zonal migration of the WPWP and the 850 hPa zonal wind anomaly over the central equatorial Pacific. On the other hand, the zonal migrations of both the WPWP and the EIOWP and the zonal wind anomalies over the central equatorial Pacific and the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean may be all responsible for the interannual variability of the IPTAJM.     

热带西太平洋暖池表层热含量分析

利用１９６１￣１９９７年中的资料,对热带西太平洋暖池的热含量进行了分析,并搪塞了暖池热含量变化与南方涛动的关系,结果表明：暖池热含量具有明显的季节和年际变化,暖池全域,西部（１６０°Ｅ以西部分）和东部（１８０°Ｅ以东部分）热呈的年际变化存在较明显的差异,暖池全域和暖池东部热呈与南方涛动存在着负相关,暖池西部热含量与南方涛是为正相关。     

Interannual variability in the North Pacific meridional overturning circulation

We analyzed the temporal and spatial variation, and interannual variability of the North Pacific meridional overturning circulation using an empirical orthogonal function method, and calculated mass transport using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation Data from 1958–2008. The meridional streamfunction field in the North Pacific tilts N-S; the Tropical Cell (TC), Subtropical Cell (STC), and Deep Tropical Cell (DTC) may be in phase on an annual time scale; the TC and the STC are out of phase on an interannual time scale, but the interannual variability of the DTC is complex. The TC and STC interannual variability is associated with ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation). The TC northward, southward, upward, and downward transports all weaken in El Niños and strengthen in La Niñas. The STC northward and southward transports are out of phase, while the STC northward and downward transports are in phase. Sea-surface water that reaches the middle latitude and is subducted may not completely return to the tropics. The zonal wind anomalies over the central North Pacific, which control Ekman transport, and the east-west slope of the sea level may be major factors causing the TC northward and southward transport interannual variability and the STC northward and southward transports on the interannual time scale. The DTC northward and southward transports decrease during strong El Niños and increase during strong La Niñas. DTC upward and downward transports are not strongly correlated with the Niño-3 index and may not be completely controlled by ENSO.