黄土塬大型滑坡成功预报的基本做法

特殊的地形地貌和人类不合理的经济建设活动,是陕西省黄土分布区近20年来滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害逐年增多的重要原因.在县(市)地质灾害调查与区划的基础上,以陕西省泾阳县修石渡大型黄土滑坡为例,分析研究了滑坡后缘裂缝的变化规律,提出了成功预报滑坡的基本做法:(1)县(市)地质灾害调查与区划是基础;(2)隐患点分级管理是保证;(3)掌握滑动规律是核心;(4)及时采取措施是关键.这对西北黄土分布区的地质灾害防治工作具有重要的指导意义.     

分形分析在地球物理数据处理中的应用

本文简述了地球物理不规则测网的分形分析方法和减少假异常产生的网格化间距的确定办法并通过理论模型上的应用进行验证，同时介绍，预测了分形分析在地球物理数据处理中的应用及其发展。     

夜间灯光遥感数据应用综述和展望

在遥感应用研究中,夜间灯光遥感作为发展活跃的一个重要分支,近年来受到越来越多来自自然科学领域和社会经济领域的关注。与传统的光学遥感卫星获取地物辐射信息不同,夜间灯光遥感是获取夜间无云条件下地表发射的可见光-近红外电磁波信息。相比于普通的遥感卫星影像,夜间灯光遥感所使用的夜间灯光影像记录的地表灯光强度信息更直接反映人类活动差异,因而被广泛应用于城市化进程研究、不透水面提取、社会经济指标空间化估算、重大事件评估、生态环境评估等领域。目前,虽然基于夜间灯光数据的应用研究成果正在不断积累,但对成果的系统性总结、整理的研究目前存在着覆盖面不全、时效性不强等不足。基于此,论文通过对近几十年来有关夜间灯光数据的研究成果的详细梳理,从数据处理与技术方法、应用研究等方面进行归纳总结。最后,文章从多源数据融合、应用领域拓展和短周期地表灯光监测3个方面指出了未来的研究热点。     

洋脊分段研究进展

概述了近１０多年来大洋中脊构造分段研究方面的某些成果,重点介绍洋脊分段现象、分段结构和层次、分段机制和洋脊分段逐步扩展过程,并以大西洋中脊的宏观分段现象和分段现象和分段扩展过程为例,提出洋脊超１级分段的初步构思,进而简要探讨了洋脊分段研究的构造意义。     

Sacks-Evertson钻孔应变仪观测网在京津地区的安装

Sacks-Evertson钻孔应变仪最深可置于500米的钻孔底部。这种仪器的主要优点是灵敏度高(可分辨10~(-11)应变)工作频带宽(频响曲线的平直段从零频至十几赫兹),动态范围大(10~(-11)至10~(-5)应变),由于安装在钻孔深部,尽可能地避免了太阳热辐射、降雨、地面振动等因素的干扰。它可用于地震前兆观测、确定震源过程、地球自由振荡、应变固体潮、火山活动与地质构造活动等方面的研究。     

A Novel VOF-Type Volume-Tracking Method for Free-Surface Flows Based on Unstructured Triangular Mesh

A novel VOF-type volume-tracking method for two-dimensional free-surface flows based on the unstructured triangular mesh is presented. Owing to the inherent merit of the unstructured triangular mesh in fitting curved boundaries, this method can handle the free-surface problems with complex geometries accurately and directly, without introducing any complicated boundary treatment or artificial diffusion. The method solves the volume transport equation geometrically through the Modified Lagrangian-Eulerian Re-map （MLER） method, which is applied to advective fluid volumes. Moreover, the PLIC method is adopted to give a second-order reconstructed interface approximation. To validate this method, two advection tests were performed for the establishment of the accuracy and convergence rate of the solutions. Numerical results for these complex tests provide convincing evidence for the excellent solution quality and fidelity of the method.     

面向海量遥感影像的数据模型与管理模型设计

分析了传统集中式存储管理的遥感影像管理体系的不足,提出了针对当前成几何级数倍增影像大数据管理的解决方案,包括数据集模型和云架构模型;并基于VMWare和ArcGIS平台实现了实验模型;通过实验数据分析,证明了新的数据模型和平台架构的科学性和高效性。     

Fully Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Model Based on Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain Method

This paper,with a finite element method,studies the interaction of a coupled incompressible fluid-rigid structure system with a free surface subjected to external wave excitations.With this fully coupled model,the rigid structure is taken as "fictitious" fluid with zero strain rate.Both fluid and structure are described by velocity and pressure.The whole domain,including fluid region and structure region,is modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are discretized with fixed Eulerian mesh.However,to keep the structure's rigid body shape and behavior,a rigid body constraint is enforced on the "fictitious" fluid domain by use of the Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain(DLM/FD) method which is originally introduced to solve particulate flow problems by Glowinski et al.For the verification of the model presented herein,a 2D numerical wave tank is established to simulate small amplitude wave propagations,and then numerical results are compared with analytical solutions.Finally,a 2D example of fluid-structure interaction under wave dynamic forces provides convincing evidences for the method excellent solution quality and fidelity.     

聚乙烯冲击压缩特性实验研究

利用神光Ⅱ装置第九路输出的倍频激光,采用直接驱动方式研究了聚乙烯(CH₂)材料的冲击压缩特性.实验表明聚乙烯冲击波阵面自发辐射较强,冲击波在聚乙烯台阶中的传播比较稳定.采用阻抗匹配方法,以铝作标准材料,测量了聚乙烯的冲击绝热线,聚乙烯冲击压强达0.54 TPa,冲击波速度测量相对扩展不确定度~2%(K=2),实验数据的一致性较好,与已有低压实验数据及状态方程解析模型比较符合.