青岛市近岸海域环境状况及变化趋势研究

根据2007-2011 年青岛市近岸海域环境质量监测结果,分析和评价了该区域海水、沉积物、陆源入海污染物、海洋 功能区等环境质量状况及变化趋势。结果表明：青岛市近岸海域环境质量整体较好,但是,胶州湾局部海域受到N、P、石 油类污染;养殖区和自然保护区无机氮、磷酸盐含量较高;由于青岛沿岸排污口分布较多、设置不合理、入海污染物排量较 大,对临近海域生态环境造成一定的影响;同时,海洋灾害种类较多且频发,危害较大。在此基础上,提出了污染治理与环 境改善的相应建议。     

H'、AMBI和M-AMBI指数在黄河口及邻近海域底栖生境健康评价中的适宜性研究

From a dataset of macrobenthos obtained from 18 cruises from 2004 to 2013 in the Huanghe(Yellow River)Estuary and its adjacent areas,the composition and characteristics of macrobenthos were analyzed,and the applicability of the Shannon-Wiener Index(H′),AZTI's Marine Biotic Index(AMBI) and multivariate AMBI(MAMBI) for assessing benthic habitat quality was compared.The results showed a total of 203 macrobenthos in the study area.The macrobenthos were dominated by polychaetes,followed by mollusks and crustaceans.The macrobenthic ecological groups were dominated by EGI,EGII and EGIII,which respectively accounted for 31.5%,36.0% and 21.2% of the total.There were significant differences between the evaluation results of the three indices.The ecological quality status(EQS) levels given by the AMBI were greater than those given by the H′ and M-AMBI.The AMBI could not reflect the differences between 11 sites but the H′ and M-AMBI could do.Moreover,the three indices responded well to the variations in salinity(S) and dissolved oxygen(DO) in the waters.The H′ and MAMBI also responded sensitively to the differences in physical parameters,such as water depth and sediment texture.The correlation between M-AMBI and environmental pressure gradient data was the strongest.The MAMBI could effectively distinguish degraded conditions from undegraded but the H′ and AMBI could not.Therefore,the M-AMBI reflected benthic habitat health well in the study areas.However,the objectivity of evaluation results of M-AMBI needs further verification by physical,chemical and biological methods.The thresholds also need further discussion.     

悬浮泥沙含量与电导率关系及其影响因素的实验研究

为了寻求一种简单、快速、连续测定悬浮泥沙含量的方法,以高含沙量海区黄河口泥沙为研究对象,利用电导率仪测定了不同悬浮泥沙含量水体的电导率。前期实验结果已经证明悬浮泥沙含量与电导率之间有很好的线性关系。在此基础上扩大研究范围,并对影响悬浮泥沙含量与电导率关系的因素进行定量分析,结果表明,盐度、温度、颗粒粒径对电导率具有一定的影响,其中盐度的影响最大,颗粒粒径的影响最小,几乎可以忽略。在此基础上通过大量的实验数据初步建立起在盐度、温度较大变化范围内电导率与泥沙含量的一般函数关系,为实现海水悬浮泥沙含量的现场电导率原位监测系统提供可靠的数据支持。     

Examination of Daytime Length＇s Influence on Phytoplankton Growth in Jiaozhou Bay, China

This study showed how the daytime length in Jiaozhou Bay affected the water temperature, which in turn affected the phytoplankton growth when solar radiation was sufficient for phytoplankton photosynthesis. Jiaozhou Bay observation data collected from May 1991 to February 1994 were used to analyze the daytime length vs water temperature relationship. Our study showed that daytime length and the variation controlled the cycle of water temperature flunctuation. Should the cyclic variation curve of the daytime length be moved back for two months it would be superimposed with temperature change. The values of daytime length and temperature that calculated in the dynamical model of daytime length lag vs water temperature were consistent with observed values. The light radiation and daytime length in this model determined the photochemistry process and the enzymic catalysis process of phytoplankton photosynthesis. In addition, by considering the effect of the daytime length on water temperature and photosynthesis, we could comprehend the joint effect of daytime length, water temperature, and nutrients, on the spatiotemperal variation of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay.     

基于GIS的海水环境监测站位优化——以胶州湾为例

文章利用2003-2012年5月、8月和10月胶州湾19项海水监测要素归一化后数据,基于ArcGIS软件地学统计模块,通过Kriging插值模型对归一化数据进行检验分析及站位优化。结果表明,优化后的31个监测站位估计误差标准差梯度较优化前大幅降低,平均估计误差标准差由0.160降低到0.147,降低了8.3%。站位优化后不仅可对胶州湾沿岸重点污染源以及胶州湾海域总体海水质量实施有效监控,并且可以作为今后胶州湾海水监测的常规站位。优化后的监测网在满足监测精度需要的同时,能够较大程度节省监测网的运行费用,可以为其他海域海水监测站位优化及海洋主管部门提供技术支撑,具有重要的应用价值。     

跨断层水准测量与朝阳—北票断裂现今活动性

本文利用桃花吐及北票场地１９９０年－１９９６年跨断层短水准测量资料，并结合同期的重力测量资料，研讨了朝阳－北票断现今活动性，得出了几条有益的结论。     

北海区基层海洋环境监测站职能定位探讨

文章通过分析基层海洋环境监测站监测能力现状和北海区海洋环境监测业务需求,探讨了发挥区位优势和技术优势,合理定位基层海洋站监测职能,优化北海区海洋环境监测体系资源配置,迅速提高全海区环境监测能力的问题。基层海洋站能力建设应充分考虑海洋生态环境监测业务需求,着力解决制约基层海洋站环境监测能力薄弱的短板问题,基于海洋站目前的基础设施,以完成常规项目监测和环境突发事件应急监测为目标,科学规划实验室改造、技术设备购置及配套设备购置计划,提升海洋站履行海洋环境监测职能的能力和效率,夯实基层海洋环境监测站业务基础,完善北海区局属海洋生态环境三级监测体系。     

基于电导率测定海水悬沙含量试验研究

为了寻求一种简单、快速、连续确定悬浮泥沙含量的方法,以高含沙量海区黄河口泥沙为研究对象,利用电导率仪测定了不同悬浮泥沙含量水体的电导率,建立起了悬浮泥沙含量与电导率之间的关系,并对影响上述关系的因素进行了分析,结果表明,悬浮泥沙含量与电导率之间有很好的线性关系;盐度、颗粒粒径对电导率具有一定的影响,其中盐度的影响最大,颗粒粒径的影响较小。在盐度变化范围有限的高悬沙含量海区,用电导率的方法来实现现场监测悬浮泥沙含量是可行的。     

BP网络海上石油平台溢油污染等级评估方法

通过分析与溢油污染程度有关的影响因素,首次构建了海上石油平台溢油污染程度评价指标体系.针对模型无样本的难题,对评价指标进行分级,利用Rand函数在各分级标准内随机生成足够数量的训练和测试样本,建立了较合理的网络结构,构建了石油平台溢油污染等级BP网络模型.研究结果表明BP网络模型具有很强的泛化能力,能够用于评判未知样本...     

黄河口附近海域营养盐行为及年际变化分析

根据2004 年-2010 年5 月和8 月共13 个航次对黄河口附近海域24 个站位的海水化学调查资料,研究了该海域的 无机氮、活性磷酸盐和活性硅酸盐等营养要素的行为及年际变化。结果表明,无机氮中硝酸盐浓度与盐度呈显著负相关;7 年间,无机氮浓度略有下降,磷酸盐和硅酸盐浓度呈波动趋势,2008年以前铵盐浓度上升趋势明显;由于无机氮浓度相对过 高造成该海域属于磷限制潜在性富营养状况。