Stokes漂流近似公式对海洋表层流场估算的影响

本文采用波浪订正的Ekman模型,研究分析了三种Stokes漂流近似公式(单波公式、e指数公式、Phillips谱近似公式)对海洋表层流场估算的影响。海表总流场由海表面高度(SSH)数据计算的地转流和海浪模式WAVEWATCH Ⅲ输出结果计算的非地转流组成,并采用拉格朗日浮标观测数据对计算结果进行了验证。研究表明,随着Stokes漂流近似公式精度的提高,其计算的拉格朗日流速更接近于谱积分公式的计算结果,更贴近拉格朗日浮标观测数据。与谱积分公式计算的海表拉格朗日流速相比,单波公式的平均相对偏差为0.0834,e指数公式的平均相对偏差为0.0392,Phillips谱近似公式的平均相对偏差为0.0101,说明Phillips谱近似公式在不同风速下均能对谱积分公式有良好的近似效果。在低风速条件下,由Stokes漂流近似公式精度引起的海洋表层流场估算误差可以忽略不计,但随着风速增加,由近似公式精度引起的偏差逐渐变大,此时应该选择Phillips谱近似公式计算Stokes漂流,来减小误差。     

Determination of fractional energy loss of waves in nearshore waters using an improved high-order Boussinesq-type model

Fractional energy losses of waves due to wave breaking when passing over a submerged bar are studied systematically using a modified numerical code that is based on the high-order Boussinesq-type equations.The model is first tested by the additional experimental data,and the model's capability of simulating the wave transformation over both gentle slope and steep slope is demonstrated.Then,the model's breaking index is replaced and tested.The new breaking index,which is optimized from the several breaking i...     

关于涡相关海气通量计算的资料处理技术

针对海气通量观测中存在的气流扰动等非湍流信号影响风速脉动进而导致涡相关通量计算失真的问题,借用惯性耗散法的思想进行了资料处理技术的改进性研究.以湍流惯性耗散的-5/3密率分布为依据,获得了一种滤除非湍流信号的新途径.以动量通量的计算为例,从对实测风速数据的处理情况来看,其结果与经验公式所得吻合得非常好.相比于通常的通量计算软件来说,该资料处理技术能极大地降低非湍流信号的影响并由此得出更为可靠的通量结果.从而,此技术可以用于新通量算法软件的研究和开发.     

论风浪的局域结构──Ⅰ.风浪的局域结构与局域小波能谱

基于小波变换,引入了能刻画风浪局域结构的局域小波能谱。论述了风浪的整体结构与局域结构。指出了在不同时间尺度上,风浪具有不同的局域化特征。提出了风场演化过程中整体的共振在线性相互作用是否存在的质疑。     

海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍能量收支的影响

海浪破碎产生一向下输入的湍动能通量,在近海表处形成一湍流生成明显增加的次层,加强了海洋上混合层中的湍流垂向混合。为了研究海浪破碎对混合层中湍能量收支的影响,文中分析了海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍流生成的影响机制,采用垂向一维湍封闭混合模式,通过改变湍动能方程的上边界条件,引入了海浪破碎产生的湍动能通量,并分别对不同风速下海浪破碎的影响进行了数值研究,分析了混合层中湍能量收支的变化。当考虑海浪破碎影响时,近海表次层中的垂直扩散项和耗散项都有显著的增加,该次层中被耗散的湍动能占整个混合层中耗散的总的湍能量的92.0%,比无海浪破碎影响的结果增加了近1倍;由于平均流场切变减小,混合层中的湍流剪切生成减小了3.5%,形成一种存在于湍动能的耗散和垂直扩散之间的局部平衡关系。在该次层以下,局部平衡关系与壁层定律的结论一致,即湍动能的剪切生成与耗散相平衡。研究结果表明,海浪破碎在海表产生的湍动能通量影响了海洋上混合层中的各项湍能量收支间的局部平衡关系。     

Numerical Simulation of Waves Generated by Seafloor Movements

Waves generated by vertical seafloor movements are simulated by use of a fully nonlinear two-dimensional numerical wave tank. In the souree region, the seafloor lifts to a designated height by a generation function. The numerical tests show that the linear theory is only valid for estimating the wave behaviors induced by the seafloor movements with a small amplitude, and the fully nonlinear numerical model should be adopted in the simulation of the wave generation by the large amplitude seafloor movements. Without the background surface waves, many numerical tests on the stable maximum elevations η0^max are carried out by beth the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model. The results of two models are compared and analyzed. For the fully nonlinear model, the influences of the amplitudes and the horizontal lengths on η^max are stronger than that of the characteristic duration times. Furthermore, results reveal that there are significant differences be- tween the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model. When the influences of the background surface waves are considered, the corresponding numerical analyses reveal that with the fully nonlinear model the η0^max near-linearly varies with the wave amplitudes of the surface waves, and the η0^max has significant dependences on the wave lengths and the wave phases of the surface waves. In addition, the differences between the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model are still obvious, and these differences are significantly affected by the wave parameters of the background surface waves, such as the wave amplitude, the wave length and the wave phase.     

实验室造波条件对内孤立波发展影响的直接数值模拟

内孤立波具有振幅尺度大、能量集中的特点,其引起流场和密度场的迅速变化可能对海洋工程结构物以及水下潜体造成严重威胁.因此研究不同造波条件下生成的内孤立波运动的流场特征具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值.采用直接数值模拟方法和给定的初始密度场密度跃迁函数,对重力塌陷激发内孤立波的运动过程进行研究,探讨了不同造波条件下,激发产...     

地转及均匀背景流场对混合层深度SAR遥感反演的影响

以考虑了地转和均匀背景流场影响的两层流体界面内波频散关系模型为基础,得到新的利用SAR遥感图像计算混合层深度的方法。利用该方法对一幅南海北部SAR内波图像进行了实例研究,并且和时空同步的CTD资料进行了对比。结果表明,加入地转和均匀背景流场影响的模型更为合理,为更准确地反演混合层深度奠定了基础。     

Large eddy simulation of the rotation effect on the ocean turbulence kinetic energy budget in the surface mixed layer

A non-hydrostatic, Boussinesq, and three-dimensional large eddy simulation(LES) model was used to study the impact of the Earth's rotation on turbulence and the redistribution of energy in turbulence kinetic energy(TKE) budget. A set of numerical simulations was conducted,(1) with and without rotation,(2) at different latitudes(10°N, 30°N, 45°N, 60°N, and 80°N),(3) with wave breaking and with Langmuir circulation, and(4) under different wind speeds(5, 10, 20, and 30 m/s). The results show that eddy viscosity decreases when rotation is included, indicating that rotation weakens the turbulence strength. The TKE budget become tight with rotation and the effects of rotation grow with latitude. However, rotation become less important under Langmuir circulation since the transport term is strong in the vertical direction. Finally, simulations were conducted based on field data from the Boundary Layer and Air-Sea Transfer Low Wind(CBLAST-Low) experiment. The results, although more complex, are consistent with the results obtained from earlier simulations using ideal numerical conditions.     

Second-Order Solutions for Random Interfacial Waves Under Steady Uniform Currents

1.Introduction Owingtothesimilaritiesbetweenthesurfacewaveandtheinterfacialwave,itisnaturaltoapply themethodsdevelopedforsurfacewavestothestudyofinterfacialwavesasreviewedbyUmeyama (1998;2000).Recently,Song(2004)derivedsecond ordersolutionsforrandominterfacialwavesat aconstantdepthinatwo layerfluidsystemwitharigidlidusinganexpansiontechnique,analogousto thatusedbyLonguet Higgins(1963)andSharmaandDean(1979),tostudyrandomsurfacewaves. Inthispaper,Song’sresultsareextendedtoamoregeneralcaseoft…