Prognostics and health management of FAST cable-net structure based on digital twin technology

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)will be fully commissioned later in 2019.Once commissioned,operation and maintenance of FAST will be the most prominent task.The unique working mode of active shape-changing of FAST cable-net structure makes the traditional maintenance way,which combines routine inspection with preventive maintenances not only expensive,but also unable to effectively avoid potential risks in operations.Therefore,it is necessary to develop an economical and reliable operation/maintenance technology for FAST cable-net structure.In this paper,a Prognostics and Health Management(PHM)system is proposed based on the advanced Digital Twin(DT)technology.Through the finite element analysis of DT model,the current safety status of FAST cablenet is evaluated,and the fatigue life of components in the cable-net is predicted.Hence Condition-Based Maintenance(CBM)of FAST cable-net structure can be realized.The PHM system described in this paper can effectively guarantee the healthy and safe operation of the FAST cable-net structure,greatly improve the maintenance efficiency and reduce the cost for maintenance works.     

四川仁寿牛角寨石窟盐风化作用机理与气候响应

盐风化作用是石质文物风化劣化的重要机制之一,但其作用机理及其与气候的响应过程仍需进一步的研究。笔者等以仁寿牛角寨石窟的岩芯样品和风化样品为对比研究对象,采用镜下鉴定、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）及X射线衍射（XRD）和电子探针（EPMA）对样品的化学组成和矿物组成进行对比研究,并重点研究了样品中可溶盐的组成及结晶状态。化学组成上,风化样品中SO3平均含量是岩芯样品的16倍以上;矿物组成上,岩芯样品仅在表层0~22 cm中发现微量的石膏,而风化样品中检出了至少17. 5倍高于岩芯的石膏以及微量的Na2SO4和NaCl,这指示石窟砂岩的风化劣化与可溶盐尤其是硫酸盐有关。通过对Na2SO4、NaCl及石膏性质的研究,发现Na2SO4可以响应气候条件发生反复的Na2SO4+10 H2O Na2SO4·10H2O结晶—脱水反应,结晶时体积膨胀416%,特别是在潮湿气候条件下Na2SO4的二次结晶作用可对岩石产生更强的破坏;NaCl的存在可以降低Na2SO4的脱水相变温度（最低可至17. 6℃）和溶解度,放大Na2SO4在岩石风化过程中的作用;CaSO4对岩石风化劣化的贡献较小,但其可作为在风化作用下岩石中可溶盐聚集的指示产物。结合对温度、湿度监测数据的研究,发现每日温度、湿度随时间的变化天然契合Na2SO4—NaCl体系的温度、湿度转变条件。气候条件耦合盐风化作用是牛角寨石窟表层砂岩的主要风化方式。     

部分遮蔽类星体SDSS J151653.22+190048.2的紫外波段中等宽度发射线起源

类星体SDSS J151653.22+190048.2 (简称J1516+1900)在紫外-光学-近红外波段展现出奇特的光谱性质:其光学Hα、Hβ和近红外的Paα、Paβ等发射线的半高全宽(full width at half maximum intensity, FWHM)均超过5000 km/s,等值宽度接近类星体平均值;而紫外波段光谱的常见发射线Lyβ、OVI、Lyα、NV、Si IV和CIV等,由FWHM1700 km/s的中等宽度成分主导.这种现象很可能是由于紫外发射线的宽线成分经尘埃消光,强度严重削弱,从而使得中等宽度成分凸显出来;在光学和近红外波段,尘埃消光减弱,发射线由宽线成分主导,潜在的中等宽度成分不容易被看到.根据中等宽度成分的线宽和J1516+1900中央超大质量黑洞的质量MBH5.75×108M⊙,在维里化假设下,估计中等宽度发射区到中央黑洞的距离约为1.6 pc.另一方面,利用J1516+1900丰富的观测谱线,结合光致电离模型计算,可以限定J1516+1900的中等宽度发射线区气体密度1012cm-3、电离参数10-0.65.据此估计该发射线区到中心黑洞距离0.016 pc,只有维里化距离的1%.这一矛盾结果预示着中等宽度发射区可能具有较为复杂的物理结构,未来需要观测更多类似J1516+1900的部分遮蔽类星体并进行系统的分类和研究.     

鲁南三次低涡暖式切变线强降水的中尺度对流系统特征

应用地面加密降水观测资料、天气图资料和FY2-E红外卫星云图及TBB资料,对山东南部3次中尺度低涡暖切变线强降水的中尺度对流系统特征进行分析研究。结果表明:3次强降水都是产生在中尺度低涡环流东部的暖切变线附近,有较强的低空西南风气流,都是在鲁南和鲁中南部造成强降水,强降水中心都在鲁东南。3次强降水都由中尺度对流系统(MCS)直接影响产生,有多个中尺度云团发展和合并,有多个强对流云团中心。造成3次强降水的中尺度对流云团都是从鲁西南移入,向北发展,缓慢向东移动,在东部沿海达到最强。最低TBB在-62~-78℃,造成1h降水量达30~137mm的强降雨,在同一测站产生强降水的时间为1~3h。对于同一个MCS降雨强度与TBB成反比。"09.8.17"和"12.7.09"的MCS东移快,造成强降水的时间为18~19h,"12.7.09"的MCS东移慢,造成强降雨的时间达25h。"09.8.17"的TBB较高,最低TBB为-61.1℃,但是雨强最大,最大1h雨量达137.2mm,"12.7.09"的TBB最低,达到-78.2℃,但是最大1h雨量为88.3mm。     

浅谈我国的信息化测绘

随着时代的发展,信息化测绘成为测绘发展的大趋势。测绘,作为经济建设、国防建设和社会发展的基础性事业,在未来20年即面临着广阔的发展空间和良好机遇,同时面临着严峻的挑战和更高的要求。基于此,本文简单介绍了近代测绘发展历程,论述了信息化测绘的内涵和特征以及我国测绘的发展目标。     

1980—2020年济南市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

面对资源紧缺、土地利用方式不合理、生态系统退化等问题,探索土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响,对于制定适宜的国土空间规划、自然资源管理、生态文明建设等方面的政策措施具有重要意义。本文选取济南市作为研究区域,探讨了1980—2020年研究区土地利用结构变化以及土地利用类型间转移情况,并核算了生态系统服务价值,分析了不同土地利用类型对生态系统服务价值变化的生态贡献率。研究结果表明：(1)在研究时段内,研究区建设用地面积呈现持续增加的趋势;在1980—2000年阶段,耕地、林地、草地、水域面积呈现波动式变化,在2000—2020年阶段处于持续下降的趋势。(2)1980—2020年,生态系统服务总价值呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势;从单项服务价值来看,供给、调节、支持和文化4种主要的服务价值均有不同程度的减少,尤其在2005—2010年,下降幅度最大。(3)耕地对济南市生态系统服务价值变化影响最大,主要由于研究区内受城市发展的影响,导致耕地面积大幅减少,其次影响较大的是林地、草地和水域。     

Ulva and Enteromorpha (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) from two sides of the Yellow Sea: analysis of nuclear rDNA ITS and plastid rbcL sequence data

Ulvacean green seaweeds are common worldwide; they formed massive green tides in the Yellow Sea in recent years, which caused marine ecological problems as well as a social issue. We investigated two major genera of the Ulvaceae, Ulva and Enteromorpha, and collected the plastid rbcL and nuclear ITS sequences of specimens of the genera in two sides of the Yellow Sea and analyzed them. Phylogenetic trees of rbcL data show the occurrence of five species of Enteromorpha (E. compressa, E. flexuosa, E. intestinalis, E. linza and E. prolifera) and three species of Ulva (U. pertusa, U. rigida and U. ohnoi). However, we found U. ohnoi, which is known as a subtropical to tropical species, at two sites on Jeju Island, Korea. Four ribotypes in partial sequences of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 from E. compressa were also found. Ribotype network analysis revealed that the common ribotype, occurring in China, Korea and Europe, is connected with ribotypes from Europe and China/Japan. Although samples of the same species were collected from both sides of the Yellow Sea, intraspecific genetic polymorphism of each species was low among samples collected worldwide.     

Inhibitory activity of an extract from a marine bacterium Halomonas sp. HSB07 against the red-tide microalga Gymnodinium sp. （Pyrrophyta）

In recent years, red tides occurred frequently in coastal areas worldwide. Various methods based on the use of clay, copper sulfate, and bacteria have been successful in controlling red tides to some extent. As a new defensive agent, marine microorganisms are important sources of compounds with potent inhibitory bioactivities against red-tide microalgae, such as Gymnodinium sp. （Pyrrophyta）. In this study, we isolated a marine bacterium, HSB07, from seawater collected from Hongsha Bay, Sanya, South China Sea. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence and biochemical characteristics, the isolated strain HSB07 was identified as a member of the genus Halomonas. A crude ethyl acetate extract of strain HSB07 showed moderate inhibition activity against Gymnodinium sp. in a bioactive prescreening experiment. The extract was further separated into fractions A, B, and C by silica gel column chromatography. Fractions B and C showed strong inhibition activities against Gymnodinium. This is the first report of inhibitory activity of secondary metabolites of a Halomonas bacterium against a red-tide-causing microalga.     

浒苔原生质体再生苗对草丁膦与6种抗生素的敏感性

浒苔(Ulva prolifera)是构成黄海绿潮的优势种,通过构建浒苔稳定转化系统,可以为相关基因功能验证提供有力工具。本文以浒苔原生质体再生苗为材料,试验了对除草剂草丁膦和6种抗生素的敏感性,发现浒苔对氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、硫酸链霉素、Zeocin 4种抗生素不敏感,对氯霉素、潮霉素较敏感,对除草剂草丁膦极为敏感,进一步统计得出草丁膦对浒苔的半致死剂量(LD50)和95%可信限,发现敏感性与光周期明显相关。上述结果为进一步筛选转化子、构建浒苔稳定转化系统打下了基础。