基于Qt编程的实时二维地震波有限差分模拟

将Qt编程与二维有限差分正演模拟相结合,开发一种能够进行实时正演模拟以及将正演结果用png图片形式或segy文件格式输出的软件。首先,将二维声波方程、二阶Clayton_Engquist_majda吸收边界条件以及子波函数进行离散后进行软件设计和编程;编程过程中,试验发现全波形和半波形子波对正演结果的影响,并提出解决方法;给出实时显示波场的实现思路并进行验证,通过增益参数的添加提高了波场对比度和正演效果。     

广西北海潮间带沉积物中重金属的污染状况及其潜在生态危害

利用广西北海段潮间带表层沉积物样品的实验数据,对其沉积物中重金属（Hg,Cd,Pb,Zn,Cu,As）含量的空间分布特征进行了初步分析;并采用海洋沉积物重金属质量国家一类标准和Hakanson沉积物重金属潜在生态危害系数（Eir）与危害指数（RI）方法评价了该海域重金属污染程度和潜在生态危害。结果表明：北海段重金属的平均质量分数（mg/kg）为：Zn（69.81）〉Pb（16.58）〉Cu（12.76）〉As（9.08）〉Cd（0.22）〉Hg（0.07）;其中,廉州湾和英罗湾的重金属质量分数相对较高,而铁山湾和银滩段的相对较低。此外,绝大多数观测站点的沉积物尚保持清洁状态,且其潜在生态危害较轻,多属轻微生态危害。     

龙门岛潮间带沉积化学及百年演变特征

通过对龙门岛潮间带典型沉积化学剖面调查与柱状取样分析,结果表明:该岛潮间带沉积物中含较多的黏土,有利于有机碳、油类、总氮、总磷和重金属元素的富集,同时对海岛及周边海域污染状况反映敏感;该岛北部LM01剖面表现出油类、铜、铅、锌的污染特征,XC剖面亦有总磷(TP)、铜、总氮(TN)污染的迹象;LM01柱上部30 cm段油类、TP和重金属向上呈明显的递增趋势,反映出20世纪70年代末至今,随着龙门岛及周边大陆和海洋的开发利用,入海污染物质逐年增加,潮间带底质环境随之恶化.     

广西钦州湾晚全新世红树林演变及对海平面变化的响应

Mangroves, widely distributed along the coasts of tropical China, are influenced by Asia monsoon, relative sea level change and enhanced human activity. To predict the impacts of future climate change on mangrove ecosystems, it can be understood by reconstructing past mangrove dynamics using proxies preserved in coastal sediments. In this study, we quantitatively partitioned buried organic matter(OM) sources, collected from a vulnerable mangrove swamp in the Qinzhou Bay of northwestern South China Sea, using a ternary end-member mixing model of δ~(13)C and C:N values. Mangrove-derived OM(MOM) contribution was used as a tracer for mangrove development since 2.34 cal ka BP. This information, together with paleoclimate records(i.e.,speleothem δ~(18)O values, sea level change, grain size parameters) and human activity, was used to divide mangrove development into three stages during the late Holocene: relative flourish(2.34–1.13 cal ka BP), relative degradation(1.13–0.15 cal ka BP) and further degradation(0.15–0 cal ka BP). Before 1.13 cal ka BP, mangroves flourished with a high MOM contribution((88.9±10.6)%), corresponding to stable and high sea level under a warm and humid climate. After 1.13 cal ka BP, rapid fall in relative sea level coupled with the strengthening of the Asian winter monsoon, resulted in mangrove degradation and MOM reduction((62.4±18.9)%). Compared with air temperature and precipitation, the relative sea level fall was the main controlling factor in mangrove development before entering the Anthropocene(the time of the Industrial Revolution). After ～150 cal a BP, reclamation of mangrove swamps to shrimp ponds is the main factor causing mangrove degradation and MOM reduction.     

从2011年PDAC矿业大会看地质勘查技术方法的发展趋势

加拿大勘探者和开发者协会（Prospectors ＆ Developers Association of Canada,PDAC）年会是全球规模最大、具有国际权威性的世界矿业大会之一。自1932年举办第1届会议以来,已成功举办78届。第79届PDAC年会于2011年3月在加拿大多伦多国际会议中心举行。中国地质调查局代表团重点收集与整理了国外地质勘查技术方法方面的资料和信息。从2011年PDAC年会看国外地质勘查技术方法的最新进展,可窥见一斑。     

全新世大暖气广西钦州湾红树林衰退的红树林源有机质贡献示踪及其对亚洲季风的响应

The response of mangrove ecosystems to the Asian monsoon in the future global warming can be understood by reconstructing the development of mangrove forests during the Holocene climatic optimum(HCO), using proxies preserved in coastal sediments. The total organic matter in sediments of a segmented core, with calibrated age ranges between 5.6 and 7.7 cal. ka BP and corresponding to the HCO, from the Qinzhou Bay in Guangxi, China, is quantitatively partitioned into three end-members according to their sources: mangrove-derived, terrigenous,and marine phytoplanktonic, using a three-end-member model depicted by organic carbon isotope(δ13Corg) and the molar ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen(C/N). The percentage of mangrove-derived organic matter(MOM) contribution is used as a proxy for mangrove development. Three visible drops in MOM contribution occurred at ca. 7.3, ca. 6.9, and ca. 6.2 cal. ka BP, respectively, are recognized against a relatively stable and higher MOM contribution level, indicating that three distinct mangrove forest degradations occurred in the Qinzhou Bay during the HCO. The three mangrove forest degradations approximately correspond to the time of the strengthened/weakened Asian winter/summer monsoon. This indicates that even during a period favorable for the mangrove development, such as the HCO, climatic extremes, such as cold and dry events driven by the strengthened/weakened Asian winter/summer monsoon, can trigger the degradation of mangrove forests.     

扬子地区震旦纪—寒武纪转折期大陆风化研究进展与展望

通过调研扬子地区震旦纪(埃迪卡拉纪)—寒武纪(E—C)转折期大陆风化、海洋环境和有机质富集特征研究。结果显示,扬子地区E—C转折期遭受了较强烈的化学风化作用,且在这一时期区内兼具浅水碳酸盐台地和深水盆地环境。在台地相区,下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系不整合接触于震旦系灯影组白云岩之上,该不整合与E—C转折期全球"大不整合"具有紧密的关系,盆地区发育的完整的沉积地层记录了台地区被风化地层的痕迹。现有大陆风化的地球化学证据集中于n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)、δ~(13)C、CIA和ε_(Nd)(t)等,同时这些地球化学数据也局限在少数的剖面和层段,因此迫切需要更多的地球化学参数来反映该风化作用的影响范围和演化特征。准确认识扬子地区E—C转折期大陆风化作用与海洋环境演变间的耦合关系,是揭示古生物演化、有机质富集机制的重要环节。     

沉积物中重金属区域环境背景的构建——以广西潮间带为例

基于2007年采自广西潮间带的?6?根短柱样,在沉积物粒度、有机碳、常量元素（Al、Fe和Ti）、重金属元素（Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和As）以及?210Pb?分析的基础上,利用深层“清洁”沉积物中重金属与归一化元素间的线性回归构建了广西潮间带区域环境背景线。本文选用?Al?元素作为广西潮间带沉积物中的归一化元素。并借助于富集系数清晰展现了近期人类活动对广西潮间带沉积物的影响程度,这对研究广西乃至全国临海陆域人类活动的排污史有着重要借鉴意义。     

基于红外热成像技术的滑坡破坏过程温度场变化分析

采用模型试验是研究滑坡的一种有效方法,红外热像仪在滑坡模型试验中的应用是基于红外检测和热成像原理,利用红外热像仪对滑坡模型坡表温度进行有效、准确、实时地检测并记录,有助于分析滑坡破坏过程中坡表温度场的变化规律,从能量的角度对滑坡破坏过程及其机理进行研究。试验结果表明:滑坡温度场在其破坏过程中呈一定规律的改变,温度总体上呈现逐渐上升,随后逐渐下降,再迅速上升,迅速下降的变化规律,整个过程中温度随时间变化曲线有两个峰值;滑坡纵向从坡肩至坡趾坡表温度逐渐增大;滑坡横向从滑坡边界到中部坡表温度逐渐减小。红外热成像技术的应用为滑坡破坏机理研究提供了一种新的研究方法,使得从能量的角度研究滑坡成为可能,其可行性和可靠性在模型试验中得到了验证。     

东濮凹陷文东地区沙三段层序地层学特征

运用层序地层学理论，通过钻井高精度层序地层分析(包括单井岩心沉积相分析、单井高精度层序地层分析、联井高精度层序划分对比)，结合地震层序分析，东濮凹陷文东地区沙三段(Es3)可划分为4个三级层序：SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4，可识别出4种主要沉积体系：湖泊三角洲体系、湖泊体系、重力流体系、扇三角洲体系．综合前述特征，文东地区沙三段层序地层学特征表现为：SQ3在文东斜坡带上发育浅湖相，局部地区发育重力流沉积；东侧发育扇三角洲体系，并逐渐退积．SQ2-SQ4文东斜坡带上主要发育湖泊体系(滨湖、浅湖、半深湖和盐湖)与湖泊三角洲前缘亚相；东侧主要为扇三角洲体系，规模较小．结合层序地层与沉积学特征分析，湖泊三角洲前缘砂体、扇三角洲砂体、重力流砂体是文东地区有利的储集体．