贵州夜郎湖表层水体地球化学昼夜变化及其影响因素

为探究岩溶水库水文地球化学行为过程,对贵州普定夜郎湖表层水体进行了为期3 d的高分辨率昼夜监测。结果表明：1）多变的天气和水文条件叠加导致水体离子指标昼夜变化不显著,规律性较差。而水温、DO、pH值、SpC、SIc、pCO₂等常规理化指标受水温变化和生物作用表现出明显的昼夜波动。2）利用亨利常数和主成分分析,得到温度变化、生物作用、人类活动、水库的蓄水与放水对夜郎湖水库水文地球化学特征变化的贡献率分别为21.66%、17.28%、14.08%和10.22%,说明作用于水库水文地球化学行为的因子具有多元性。3）δ ¹⁸O表现出与DO一致的波动趋势,即白天上升,晚上下降,反映在短时间尺度上,氢氧稳定同位素变化受控于生物过程（主要是呼吸作用过程）;而对比水库水体和大气降水的d-excess（d值）发现,水库水体的d值（8.21‰）显著偏低于当地大气降水的d值（9.64‰）,说明在长时间尺度上,主要受蒸发效应引起的不平衡分馏影响。     

泉州湾海域海浪谱

本文根据福建泉州湾大量实测海浪谱资料,分析了该海域海浪内部结构特征,比较和检验了国内外常用的Ｐ－Ｍ谱、Ｊｏｎｓｗａｐ谱、规范谱及国内沿岸海区的一些经验谱,结果取了与本海区实测海浪个例谱结构接近程度最好的Ｊｏｎｓｗａｐ谱拟合泉州湾海浪谱模式。     

福建罗源湾海区表层沉积物重金属的含量与分布

根据2005年11月对罗源湾海域的环境调查资料,着重分析了表层沉积物重金属的含量以及分布,并与福建省内各主要港湾的沉积物重金属含量进行对比.结果表明:沉积物中Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr(总铬)的含量均小于<海洋沉积物质量>一类评价标准的含量,质量状况良好;罗源湾的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr平均含量与其它海域相应的重金属含量比较,含量水平无明显差异;湾内水域的沉积物重金属含量大于湾口水域,湾内近岸水域的沉积物重金属含量大于中心水域.罗源湾沉积物未受到重金属的污染.     

西太平洋深海海水中乙醛降解菌多样性及群落结构研究

As a major aldehyde pollutant widely existing in industry and our daily life, acetaldehyde is more and more harmful to human health. As characteristic habitat niche, bacteria from deep sea environments are abundant and distinctive in heredity, physiology and ecological functions. Thus, the development of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria from deep sea provides a new method to harness acetaldehyde pollutant. Firstly, in this study,acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria in the deep sea water of the West Pacific Ocean were enriched in situ and in the laboratory respectively, and then the diversity of uncultured bacteria was studied by using 16 S r RNA genes. Then acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from two samples, including enrichment in situ and enrichment in laboratory samples of deep sea water from the West Pacific Ocean using acetaldehyde as the sole carbon source,and then the ability of acetaldehyde degradation was detected. Our results showed that the main uncultured bacteria of two samples with different enrichment approaches were similar, including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, but the structure of bacterial community were significant different.Four subgroups, α, γ, δ and ε, were found in Proteobacteria group. The γ-Proteobacteria was dominant(63.5%clones in laboratory enriched sample, 75% clones in situ enriched sample). The species belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and their proportion was nearly identical between the two enrichment samples, and Vibrio was the predominant genus(45% in laboratory enriched sample, 48.5% in situ enriched sample), followed by Halomonas(9% in situ enriched sample) and Streptococcus(6% in laboratory enriched sample). A total of 12 acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from the two samples, which belonged to Vibrio, Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus of γ-Proteobacteria. Strains ACH-L-5, ACH-L-8 and ACH-S-12,belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas, have strong ability of acetaldehyde degradation, which could tolerate 1.5 g/L acetaldehyde and degrade 350 mg/L acetaldehyde within 24 hours. Our results indicated that bacteria of γ-Proteobacteria may play an important role in carbon cycle of deep sea environments, especial the bacteria belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas and these strains was suggested for their potentials in government of aldehyde pollutants.     

海水资源开发利用调查与评价综述

<正>"我国近海海洋综合调查与评价"专项(908专项)是国家批准的重大海洋专项,是我国"实施海洋开发"战略的基础性工作。海水资源开发利用是我国海洋开发的重要组成。自2004年9月开始的"海水资源利用调查与研究"及随后启动的"海水资源开发利用前景评价"等专题任务,是我国有史以来第一次有组织地     

对我国国土规划几个主要问题的重新认识

本文基于对我国国土规划近十年实践中所反映的问题的分析,阐述了应改变国土规划的基本性质、以空间结构布局为其核心内容,以及国土规划一般不宜在市域或地区及以下地域层次开展的观点,进而就国土规划特性新的内涵、国土规划的内容重点等问题进行了初步探讨。     

非平衡吸附放射性核素迁移数值模型研究

放射性核素在以水作为载体于多孔介质中迁移时，吸附与解吸作用不容忽视．吸附与解吸为一非平衡过程，本文建立了考虑非平衡吸附的放射性核素迁移数植模型，模型中对于水动力弥散方程和非平衡吸附关系式的耦合，采用数值离散、直接代入的方法使数值求解便于实施．利用现场核素迁移试验观测资料对所建立的非平衡吸附核素迁移数值模型进行了检验，充分说明了该模型的有效性．