小竹山岛人工鱼礁区大型底栖动物群落结构的初步研究

为探究小竹山岛海域投放人工鱼礁后大型底栖动物群落结构的变化, 于2017—2020年进行了8个航次的调查, 研究鱼礁区、邻近区与对照区的大型底栖动物种类组成、优势种、生物多样性、群落结构及群落稳定性。结果显示, 共鉴定出大型底栖动物72种, 其中多毛类45种, 甲壳类16种, 软体动物8种, 棘皮动物3种, 投礁后第4年(2020年)比投礁后第1年(2017年)种类数增加了15种, 并且鱼礁区的种类数多于邻近区与对照区。优势种组成以多毛类为主。调查海域大型底栖动物生物量和丰度呈逐年上升趋势, 年份间差异显著, 2017—2020年年均生物量从2.11 g/m²上升到4.38 g/m², 年均丰度从289.31 ind./m²上升到764.14 ind./m², 区域间无显著差异。多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数在不同年份和区域之间变化不显著。聚类分析结果显示, 大型底栖动物群落结构分布格局呈现年际变化; 双因素相似性分析结果表明, 调查海域大型底栖动物群落结构的年份差异显著(P<0.01), 区域间无显著差异(P>0.05); 相似性百分比分析结果表明, 深沟毛虫(Sigambra bassi)、长叶索沙蚕(Lumbrineris longiforlia)、中蚓虫(Mediomastus californiensis)和寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Micronephthys oligobranchia)等是造成群落年际差异的主要贡献种。丰度/生物量曲线结果表明, 2017—2020年大型底栖动物群落均未受到扰动, 随着鱼礁建设时间的推移, 大型底栖动物群落更趋稳定。     

Relationship between trawl selectivity and fish body size in a simulated population

Trawl is a main fishing gear in Chinese fishery,capturing large fish and letting small ones at large.However,long-term use of trawl would result in changes of phenotypic traits of the fish stocks,such as smaller size-at-age and earlier age-at-maturation.In this study,we simulated a fish population with size characteristics of trawl fishing and the population produces one generation of offspring and lives for one year,used trawl to exploit the simulated fish population,and captured individuals by body size.We evaluated the impact of the changes on selectivity parameters,such as selective range and the length at 50% retention.Under fishing pressure,we specified the selectivity parameters,and determined that smaller selection rates and greater length at 50% retention were associated with an increased tendency towards miniaturization.     

许氏平鲉幼鱼优势音响驯化时段的初步研究

音响驯化技术是控制鱼群和提高放流回捕率的有效方法。目前,对海水鱼类进行音响驯化时关于音响驯化时段选择的研究积累尚少。本试验研究了在7:20、10:20、13:20、16:20和19:20 5个不同驯化时段水平下,许氏平鲉幼鱼在430Hz正弦波连续音刺激下的行为反应,分别探究了在不考虑非音频刺激因素和减轻(甚至避免)非音频刺激因素对音响驯化效果干扰的前提下,许氏平鲉幼鱼的优势音响驯化时段。结果表明,无论考虑非音频刺激因素对音响驯化效果的影响与否,7:20时段都是许氏平鲉幼鱼的优势音响驯化时段。     

A new algorithm for estimating gillnet selectivity

The estimation of gear selectivity is a critical issue in fishery stock assessment and management.Several methods have been developed for estimating gillnet selectivity,but they all have their limitations,such as inappropriate objective function in data fitting,lack of unique estimates due to the difficulty in finding global minima in minimization,biased estimates due to outliers,and estimations of selectivity being influenced by the predetermined selectivity functions.In this study,we develop a new algorithm that can overcome the above-mentioned problems in estimating the gillnet selectivity.The proposed algorithms include minimizing the sum of squared vertical distances between two adjacent points and minimizing the weighted sum of squared vertical distances between two adjacent points in the presence of outliers.According to the estimated gillnet selectivity curve,the selectivity function can also be determined.This study suggests that the proposed algorithm is not sensitive to outliers in selectivity data and improves on the previous methods in estimating gillnet selectivity and relative population density of fish when a gillnet is used as a sampling tool.We suggest the proposed approach be used in estimating gillnet selectivity.     

许氏平鲉幼鱼对人工鱼礁模型不同阴影情况的行为响应

阴影效应是影响人工鱼礁诱集效果的主要因素之一，为研究许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)对人工鱼礁不同阴影情况的行为响应，采用室内模拟实验方法，在实验水槽顶部固定光源，共设计3组实验：A组实验探究不同阴影面积的鱼礁模型对实验鱼的诱集效果；B组实验探究不放置鱼礁模型、悬挂不同开孔率顶板对实验鱼的诱集效果；C组实验探究阴影面积相同但开孔数量不同的鱼礁模型对实验鱼的诱集效果；对照组实验水槽中不放置鱼礁模型、不悬挂顶板。观察并记录许氏平鲉幼鱼(体长(5.06±0.09)cm,体质量(3.22±0.16)g)在水槽中的行为与分布特征。研究表明：3个实验组中许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区域的出现率均显著高于对照组和其他区域；A组实验中，许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区的平均出现率随着鱼礁阴影面积的增大而上升；B组实验中，许氏平鲉在顶板放置区的平均出现率显著高于对照组，但不同水平组之间差异不显著；C组实验中，开孔数为1时许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区的平均出现率与开孔数为9时相近且高于开孔数为4和6时。研究结果表明，阴影面积越大的人工鱼礁对许氏平鲉的诱集效果越好，阴影面积相同时开孔数较多的人工鱼礁能够在提供良好庇护所...