臭氧总量对太阳活动长期变化的响应

通过对１９５９－１９８５年逐年的年平均臭氧总量在１０°，２０°，．．．，７０°Ｎ各纬圈进行极大熵谱分析及回归分析，发现臭氧总量对太阳活动１１年和２２年周期性变化的响应在北半球各纬圈并非一致。在低纬和高纬度地区，臭氧总量对太阳活动２２年周期性变化的响应较强，对１１年周期变化的响应较弱；在中纬度地区则与此相反，臭氧总量对太阳活动１１年周期性变化的响应比２２年周期性变化的响应强。     

Projections of annual mean air temperature and precipitation over the globe and in China during the 21st century by the BCC Climate System Model BCC_CSM1.0

Evaluating the projection capability of climate models is an important task in climate model development and climate change studies. The projection capability of the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) Climate System Model BCC CSM1.0 is analyzed in this study. We focus on evaluating the projected annual mean air temperature and precipitation during the 21st century under three emission scenarios (Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) B1, A1B, and A2) of the BCC CSM1.0 model, along with comparisons with 22 CMIP3 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3) climate models. Air temperature averaged both globally and within China is projected to increase continuously throughout the 21st century, while precipitation increases intermittently under each of the three emission scenarios, with some specific temporal and spatial characteristics. The changes in globally-averaged and China-averaged air temperature and precipitation simulated by the BCC CSM1.0 model are within the range of CMIP3 model results. On average, the changes of precipitation and temperature are more pronounced over China than over the globe, which is also in agreement with the CMIP3 models. The projection capability of the BCC CSM1.0 model is comparable to that of other climate system models. Furthermore, the results reveal that the climate change response to greenhouse gas emissions is stronger over China than in the global mean, which implies that China may be particularly sensitive to climate change in the 21st century.     

高原地区NCEP热通量再分析资料的检验及在夏季降水预测中的应用

青藏高原对周边地区的天气气候有重要影响,为了寻求表征高原热力作用的新的、长时间序列的资料源,本文首先用高原地区NCEP1982～1994年间逐月月平均2.5.× 2.5.Lat./Lon.的地面热通量再分析格点资料对照实测值等进行了检验,然后用EOF分析方法分析了高原地面热源强度的空间分布特征,最后利用再分析资料和降水量实测资料,初步分析了高原地面热源强度对我国夏季降水的影响.主要结果如下:(1)高原地区的地面热通量再分析资料能较好地反映该区热源强度的年及年际变化特征,该再分析资料是可用的;(2)高原地区地面热源强度的分布存在较大的区域性差异;(3)高原西北、东北及西南区早春(2～4月)、夏季(6～8月)的地面热源强度分别与南疆、河西及长江流域的夏季降水存在反相关关系.