“海参-对虾”混养海水池塘的食物网结构及营养层级研究

The food sources of aquacultured Apostichopus japonicus and the trophic levels of organisms in a sea cucumber(A. japonicus) and prawn(Penaeus japonica) polyculture system in a saltwater pond in Zhuanghe, Liaoning Province were examined using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Across organisms, δ13C ranged from(–25.47±0.20)‰ to(–16.48±0.17)‰(mean±SD), and δ15N ranged from(4.23±0.49)‰ to(12.44±0.09)‰. The δ13C and δ15N contents of A. japonicus, P. japonica and Fenneropenaeus chinensis were comparatively higher than those of other organisms. Values of δ13C and δ15N revealed that P. japonica, Hemigrapsus sanguineus and Neomysis japonica comprised the largest component of the diet of A. japonicus. The mean trophic level of the organisms in this saltwater pond polyculture system was(2.75±0.08). P. japonica, A. japonicus, F. chinensis,Synechogobius hasta and Neomysis japonica were in the 3rd trophic level(2–3); jellyfish, H. sanguineus and zooplankton were in the 2nd trophic level(1–2); and Enteromorpha prolifera, benthic microalgae, periphyton and suspended matter primarily consisting of phytoplankton, bacteria and humus were in the primary trophic level(0–1).     

GPCAD在矿山地质环境治理工程土石方计算中的应用

规划总图设计软件GPCAD是基于AUTOCAD软件开发的,用于城市总体规划、控制性详细规划,主要功能有地形处理、地形分析、土石方量计算等。GPCAD软件采用方格网法进行土石方量计算,本文介绍了规划总图设计软件GPCAD计算土石方的基本原理,介绍了方格网划分、零点位置计算和工程量计算公式。矿山地质环境问题主要包括地形地貌破坏、土地资源占压和生态破坏等,矿山开采过程中形成的大量废弃土石方是造成上述问题的根源。因此,矿山地质环境治理工程项目设计、施工通常涉及到大面积的地形整治工程和大规模土石方量的计算,本文结合矿山地质环境治理工程设计实例,通过计算范围确定、方格网布设、自然标高采集、设计标高设定,介绍了各步骤的操作方法,运用GPCAD进行大规模土石方量计算,计算得出区块土石方挖、填方量和净方量。     

同池中垂动苗帘与静置苗帘贻贝采苗效果的比较

在同一贻贝育苗池中进行了垂动苗帘与静置苗帘采苗效果的比较实验;采苗后又将两种苗帘移至同一海区养育,比较其保苗效果。实验结果表明,苗帘活动能够明显提高采苗数量以及附苗的均匀程度,但对海上的保苗效果无甚倾向性影响。     

海湾扇贝与海带轮养试验报告

我们于1984年秋至1986年春在胶州湾西部进行了两次海湾扇贝与海带轮养试验;利用同一组养殖筏,夏秋养殖海湾扇贝,冬春养殖海带。1985年平均亩产海带1000kg及海湾扇贝2700kg,盈利3732.6元;1986年平均亩产海带1400kg及海湾扇贝3300kg,盈利4850.7元。轮养能降低养殖成本,从而使胶州湾的海带养殖变亏为盈。     

胶州湾不同容器与不同密度养殖海湾扇贝的比较

Ⅰ. 材料与方法 试验用海湾扇贝苗种是1985年春采自于乳山县石埠海珍品养殖试验场。4月底采卵育苗,5月中旬移到海上中间养育,7月8日从乳山运来胶州湾红石崖镇海水养殖场,卵苗平均壳高8mm。8月份长到壳高1.5cm以上时陆续分苗到养成笼中。9月l8日将养成笼中的海湾扇贝(当时约有20—30%的个体仍然附着在底盘上)倒出来,混合均匀,然后按给定的试验密度分装入试验容器中。试验用贝平均壳高27.6mm(22—37mm),平均体重6.7g。     

应给地质灾害上保险

借鉴国外经验可知，地质灾害保险机制对于提高灾民的防灾意识，减轻国家财政负担，保障灾民灾后的经济恢复，安凇人已、等都有显著作用。     

应用微束分析技术研究铜钴矿床中钴的赋存状态

微束分析技术能够在微米-纳米尺度上精确分析矿石矿物的物相、形貌、结构、成分以及同位素组成,为地球科学精细研究提供重要技术支撑。本文利用多种微束分析技术的自身优势,综合运用微区X射线荧光光谱(micro-XRF)、偏光显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)以及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析技术,建立了一种简单直观且全面快速鉴别钴赋存状态的技术方法。首先采用偏光显微镜选出部分代表性的探针片,然后进行微区X射线荧光光谱面扫描,获得探针片中钴及组合元素分布规律及特征,再利用偏光显微镜细致观察鉴别,结合元素分布特征规律识别出独立钴矿物以及含钴矿物,最后圈出代表性矿物并采用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS进行主微量化学成分测定。将该方法应用于中非铜钴成矿带上典型铜钴矿床中钴的赋存状态研究,查明了谦比希东南矿体中的钴主要以独立矿物(钴镍黄铁矿、硫钴矿、硫铜钴矿)和类质同象(主要赋存于黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿中)两种形式存在,而谦比希西矿体中的钴主要以独立矿物——硫铜钴矿的形式零星存在。     

A method for correcting regional bias in SMOS global salinity products

Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS) Level 3(L3) sea surface salinity(SSS) products are provided by the Barcelona Expert Centre(BEC). Strong biases were observed on the SMOS SSS products, thus the data from the Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS(CATDS) were adjusted for biases using a large-scale correction derived from observed differences between the SMOS SSS and World Ocean Atlas(WOA) climatology data. However, this large-scale correction method is not suitable for correcting the large gradient of salinity biases. Here, we present a method for the correction of SSS regional bias of the monthly L3 products. Based on the stable characteristics of the large SSS biases from month to month in some regions, corrected SMOS SSS maps can be obtained from the monthly mean values after removing the regional biases. The accuracy of the SMOS SSS measurements is greatly improved, especially near the coastline, at high latitudes, and in some open ocean regions. The SMOS and ISAS SSS data are also compared with Aquarius SSS to verify the corrected SMOS SSS data. The correction method presented here only corrects annual mean biases. The measurement accuracy of the SSS may be improved by considering the influence of atmospheric and ocean circulation in different seasons and years.