微量生物碳酸盐ICP-OES 元素分析中的仪器优化

为优化电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测试微量生物碳酸盐中元素含量的工作条件, 在Thermo-Fisher 公司生产的iCAP 6300 Radial 型ICP-OES 上, 对1 050 组仪器条件、32 种不同组成的标准溶液、36 个谱线对和两种仪器校正工作曲线进行了测试; 借助开源科学计算软件Scilab 数据插值和可视化技术对测试数据进行了比较分析。结果表明, 该仪器测试微量生物碳酸盐中Mg/Ca 和Sr/Ca 比值的最佳条件为: 雾化器, 0.1 mL/min 同心雾化器; 冷却气流量, 缺省设置12 L/min; 辅助气流量, 0.5L/min; 雾化气压力, 0.24 MPa; 蠕动泵速, 16 r/min; RF 功率, 1 000 W; 观察高度, 15 mm; 谱线, Ca373.690 nm, Mg 279.553 nm {121}, Sr 407.771 nm; 仪器校准工作曲线为强度-浓度工作曲线。     

色谱分析条件对低纬度痕量长链烯酮温度指标应用可靠性的影响

通过对气相色谱仪分析低纬陆架痕量长链烯酮过程中的升温速率和载气流速两个主要条件进行了探讨,对比了不同的程序升温速率和不同载气流量条件下烯酮的分离效果和检测精确度及重现性。研究发现色谱分析条件对低纬度痕量长链烯酮的分析有显著的影响。当前广泛适用于中低纬度开放大洋沉积物样品的较高的程序升温方法难以对低纬度高陆源物质冲淡作用影响下的陆架海沉积物样品进行有效的分离分析。在接近U3K7′指标适用温度上限且C37∶3烯酮含量极低的情况下(1ng/g干样,计算温度接近27℃),采用较低的程序升温速率分离C37∶3和C37∶2及后续化合物有利于获得良好的分离效果,且分析的精确度和重现性较之高的升温速率好。在对痕量且接近温度适用极限的烯酮样品进行分析时,应采用相对较小的载气流量以便获得理想的分离度和更加精确的分析结果。     

Formation and evolution of the modern warm current system in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea since the last deglaciation

To reconstruct the formation and evolution process of the warm current system within the East China Sea (ECS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) since the last deglaciation, the paleoceangraphic records in core DGKS9603, core CSH1 and core YSDP102, which were retrieved from the mainstream of the Kuroshio Current (KC), the edge of the modern Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) and muddy region under cold waters accreted with the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) respectively, were synthetically analyzed. The results indicate that the formation and evolution of the modern warm current system in the ECS and the YS has been accompanied by the development of the KC and impulse rising of the sea level since the last deglaciation. The influence of the KC on the Okinawa Trough had enhanced since 16 cal kyr BP, and synchronously the modern TWC began to develop with the rising of sea level and finally formed at about 8.5 cal kyr BP. The KC had experienced two weakening process during the Heinrich event 1 and the Younger Drays event from 16 to 8.5 cal kyr BP. The period of 7–6 cal kyr BP was the strongest stage of the KC and the TWC since the last deglaciation. The YSWC has appeared at about 6.4 cal kyr BP. Thus, the warm current system of the ECS and the YS has ultimately formed. The weakness of the KC, indicated by the occurrence of Pulleniatina minimum event (PME) during the period from 5.3 to 2.8 cal kyr BP, caused the main stream of the TWC to shift eastward to the Pacific Ocean around about 3 cal kyr BP. The process resulted in the intruding of continent shelf cold water mass with rich nutrients. Synchronously, the strength of the YSWC was relatively weak and the related cold water body was active at the early-mid stage of its appearance against the PME background, which resulted in the quick formation of muddy deposit system in the southeastern YS. The strength of the warm current system in the ECS and the YS has enhanced evidently, and approached to the modern condition gradually since 3 cal kyr BP. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 90411014 and 40506015), the National major Fundamental Research and Development Project (No. 2007CB815903) and the CAS Pilot Project of the National Knowledge Innovation Program (No. KZCFX3-SW-233)     

高有机质输入对底栖有孔虫的抑制作用——以西北太平洋菲律宾海MD06-3054孔为例

底栖有孔虫古生产力指标-底栖有孔虫堆积速率(Benthic Foraminifera Accumulation Rate,简称BFAR)和小泡虫超科的Uvigerina与Bulimina两属在种群中的百分含量(简称"U+B含量")是目前古海洋学研究的常用方法.然而,从MD06-3054孔的记录中发现,两指标与有机质输入之间不仅不存在很好的线性关系.而且当有机质输入大于阀值时,两指标均随沉积物中总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,简称TOC)含量的增加而明显地降低,说明过高有机质的输入还会抑制底栖有孔虫的生长和繁盛.另外,还发现当TOC含量较高时,U+B含量指标较BFAR指标相对更适用.     

Redox conditions in sediments and during sedimentation in the Ontong Java Plateau, west equatorial Pacific

Redox-sensitive elements in sediments, such as manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), and uranium (U), are promising indicators of past redox conditions during sedimentation and early diagenesis. However, in the Ontong Java Plateau, west equatorial Pacific, there are sparse datasets of redox-sensitive elements in sediment cores. Here, we present a 250 ka record of redox sensitive elements from a 460 cm gravity core at site WP7 (3°56′S, 156°E, water depth 1 800 m), which was recovered from the southwest Ontong Java Plateau during the 1993 cruise of R/V Science I of the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS). Relative to the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), authigenic Mn, cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), Mo, V, U, and cadmium (Cd) were found at constantly low levels except when peaks occurred at several depth intervals. Manganese, Co, Ni, and Mo concentrations were elevated at 25-35 cm due to Mn redox cycling. The core was divided into three distinct sections, the top 0-25 cm being oxic, a suboxic section at 25-35 cm and from 35-460 cm which was anoxic. Differential authigenic enrichments of Co, Ni, Mo, V, U, and Cd at the same depth intervals were observed indicating that the enrichments happened during sedimentation or diagenesis and suffered no post settlement redox changes. Therefore, no significant changes in redox conditions during sedimentation must have happened. The water at depth on the Ontong Java Plateau during past 250 ka must have been well oxygenated, possibly resulted from the more or less continuous presence of oxygen-rich deep water like the modern Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Antarctic Circumpolar Water (ACW); while it’s slightly less oxygenated in glacial intervals, possibly due to ventilation weakening and/or the surface productivity increase.     

微量生物碳酸盐ICP-OES元素分析中的仪器优化

为优化电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测试微量生物碳酸盐中元素含量的工作条件,在Thermo—Fisher公司生产的iCAP6300 Radial型ICP—OES上,对1050组仪器条件、32种不同组成的标准溶液、36个谱线对和两种仪器校正工作曲线进行了测试;借助开源科学计算软件Scilab数据插值和可视化...     

晚新生代西太平洋古海洋环境演化过程与机制

晚新生代西太平洋通过水文循环和碳循环两类关键过程,对区域乃至全球气候变化产生深刻的影响。本文从上新世以来西太暖池及其主流系演化、晚第四纪北太平洋中层水演化和白令海峡开合、第四纪中国东部陆架环境演化以及新生代亚太沉积物源-汇过程与碳埋藏等方面,综述了西太平洋古海洋环境演化过程与机制。上新世以来西太暖池与印尼贯穿流的演化过程伴随构造运动而阶段性地发生,但其在轨道时间尺度上演化的细节过程并不清晰,尚未形成系统性认识。北太平洋中层水以及白令海峡开合等关键高纬过程在冰期旋回中发生了显著变化,并与低纬过程之间存在遥相关。第四纪中国东部陆架环境演化主要受控于海平面变化以及与低纬过程相关联的热量与物质传输,在此背景下,中国东部陆架形成了富有机碳的泥质沉积体系。构造隆升和亚洲季风驱动下的亚洲大陆与邻洋的沉积物源-汇过程具有显著的碳汇效应,可能在大气CO₂浓度（${p_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}} $）冰期旋回和新生代气候变冷中发挥重要作用。就西太平洋古海洋环境演化过程与机制中若干关键科学问题开展深入和系统研究,不仅可为建立气候变化的低纬驱动理论提供支撑,也可为更好认识我国陆架环境变化规律以及碳汇潜力提供科学依据。     

24ka来冲绳海槽北部沉积物来源的高分辨率常量元素记录

为进一步了解冲绳海槽北部24ka来柱状沉积物的常量元素组成特征及其物源和古环境指示意义,对PC-1孔进行了402个常量元素和粒度及344个浮游有孔虫氧同位素的综合分析,其平均样品分辨率高达百年时间尺度。结果表明:沉积物中的主要常量元素含量表现出明显的3段式垂向变化特征,并记录到了7.3和12.7cal.kaBP时的两次火山事件;物源判别图解及R型因子分析则揭示出主要氧化物含量在垂向上的变化主要受控于附近陆源物质输入,而热液活动和海洋生物沉积作用及火山物质的影响较小。特别是不同陆源物质对研究区的影响表现出明显的变化规律,与海平面波动及对马暖流形成演化间具有良好的耦合关系,但期间的典型古气候事件却并未明显改变沉积物中的陆源物质组成,从而为揭示24ka来冲绳海槽北部地区陆源物质输入演化历史,及其主要控制因素提供了新的高分辨率资料。     

8000aBP以来珠江口西南部孢粉组合特征及其古气候意义

通过分析珠江口西南部ZJK04孔柱状样孢粉组合的特征,重建了珠江三角洲地区8 000年以来植被和气候演化的历史。该孔的孢粉记录从下到上分为4个阶段:第Ⅰ阶段(8 090～7 800aBP)温暖湿润,第Ⅱ阶段(7 800～4 200aBP)温和湿润,第III阶段(4 200～833aBP)凉爽干燥和第Ⅳ阶段(833aBP以来)偏冷湿润。珠江三角洲地区气候和植被变化最显著的时期发生在4.2kaBP前后,这一时期的气候以快速变冷、变干为特征,与北半球中低纬度地区4.2kaBP的干冷事件相吻合。而830aBP之后芒萁属蕨类植物孢子含量急剧增加,可能与此时人类的活动有关。     

西太平洋暖池北部15万年以来的碳同位素低值事件

对取自西太平洋暖池北部的MD06-3052孔的浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber进行了稳定氧碳同位素测试与分析,在所建立的年龄模式基础上,揭示了该孔150 ka以来氧碳同位素的变化特征及其碳同位素低值事件的时间。结果表明,150 ka以来碳同位素总体上显示出逐渐变重的趋势,其变化不同于氧同位素,并未表现出冰期-间冰期尺度的变化特征,且全新世和末次间冰期碳同位素差异较大。在所识别出的6次碳同位素的低值事件中,除倒数第二次冰消期与岁差低值有相位差以外,其余均与岁差低值都有很好的对应。幅度较大的3次发生于冷期/暖期的过渡期,其中末次冰消期的碳同位素记录受到浊流的侵蚀作用,有部分缺失;该孔与其他海区记录的相似性进一步证实了3次冰消期的δ13C低值事件的普遍性。