Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则在岩土工程中的应用

对Tresca屈服准则、Mises屈服准则、双剪屈服准则及Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则的屈服线、屈服应力进行分析比较,找出了各种屈服准则之间的差异。探讨Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则与其他屈服准则的关系,并确定Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则在岩土工程中的安全性及岩土体破坏时的破裂面位置与滑移线之间的关系。以亚碧罗水电站实测地应力为例,对实测地应力用不同的屈服准则进行分析,论证了Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则的安全性及剪切破裂面与滑移线的差异。     

遥感技术在中国城市环境监测中的应用研究进展

城市的飞速发展带来了一系列环境问题。遥感以其快速、准确和实时地获取资源环境状况及其变化数据的优越性，成为城市环境监测的主要手段。对中国遥感在城市中的应用进行系统总结，主要包括：城市绿地、城市水体、城市大气遥感、城市热岛效应、城市垃圾堆放和城市土地利用变化监测，及在城市交通、灾害预警等方面的应用。遥感在城市环境监测中的应用，应在3S的基础上，形成系统的技术方法和规范，并加快城市环境遥感监测的指标体系和国家环境信息系统建设。     

地质工程自动监测硬件系统若干技术问题

地质工程自动监测系统具有监测对象信息变化差异大,监测环境恶劣等显着特点。其硬件系统须具备监测范围广,抗干扰能力强,抗雷击等特殊功能。同时,为了适应现代化工程建设的要求,还应具备先进的智能化和网络化等功能。为此,本文对地质工程自动监测系统的功能和组成、当前的发展趋势及所涉及到一些关键硬件技术问题展开了讨论,着重总结了作者有关地质工程自动监测硬件系统关键技术问题的研究。最后介绍了作者为五强溪水电站边坡工程建立的自动监测系统,以及该系统双端防雷保护和模块化信号调理等难题的解决。     

中国气象局教育培训代表团第4次访越总结

1概况 按照2007年1月“中国-越南气象科技合作联合工作组第8次会议会谈纪要”议题5．4“教育与培训”的要求（即中方人员分别于2007年和2008年赴越南举办两期短期培训课程,每次一周）,从2008年10月开始,在中国气象局国际合作司的指导和支持下,中国气象局培训中心与越南自然资源环境部（MONRE）等有关方面积极联系沟通,针对越南对于灾害性天气预测的需求,策划了“多尺度天气灾害的预测理论及应用国际培训班”,并聘请了相关授课专家组团出访,     

东北暴雨的研究

系统性研究东北暴雨将提高对东北灾害性天气的认识,有利于加深对中国暴雨的全面研究。对我国气象工作者在东北暴雨研究方面的工作进行了综述,并回顾了影响东北暴雨的几类主要天气系统,分别为气旋、台风、冷涡,着重回顾了在过去几十年中东北冷涡暴雨方面研究的进展。指出目前待解决的问题是：影响东北地区台风暴雨强度、分布及转向问题;东北冷涡的内部结构特征及其发生发展的物理机制、东北冷涡下中尺度对流系统的结构特征与暴雨的关系;引发东北地区强暴雨过程的水汽源地等问题。这些问题需要通过今后深入和细致的加密观测分析研究,以及利用长时间卫星遥感观测资料和雷达资料的论证才能逐渐认识清楚。     

铜精矿化学成分分析实验室间比对结果评价和离群值原因分析

铜精矿成分分析是判定其品质的重要手段,尤其是主元素铜的分析.目前,测定铜精矿中铜含量的主要分析方法有碘量法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)、火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)、X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)、电解重量法等.为确保检测标准量值统一、准确、可靠,本文组织开展了铜精矿中铜镁铅锌的测定实验室间比对活动.通...     

深海视频采集系统保护窗口的设计和优化

保护窗口是深海视频采集系统的关键组件。为提高深海视频采集系统的整体性能,保障深海资源的勘探和开发利用,文章通过力学分析、理论对比和打压试验等过程,对保护窗口进行设计和优化。研究结果表明:球扇形窗口更适合全海深均匀高压环境;与主流窗口材料蓝宝石相比,我国自主研制的YAG透明陶瓷在性能和成本上具有优势;以第四强度理论作为充分准则进行设计,以第一和第二强度理论作为必要条件进行校验,结合有限元力学分析结果,外径为96mm的半球形保护窗口的最优内径为76mm;对采用该内径尺寸透明陶瓷保护窗口的深海视频采集系统进行全海深压强水下打压试验,有力证实相关理论和设计思想的合理性和可靠性。     

城市碳足迹与碳循环压力分析——以南京市为例（英文）

Urban carbon footprint reflects the impact and pressure of human activities on urban environment.Based on city level,this paper estimated carbon emissions and carbon footprint of Nanjing city,analyzed urban carbon footprint intensity and carbon cycle pressure and discussed the influencing factors of carbon footprint through LMDI decomposition model.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The total carbon emissions of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000,in which the carbon emission from the use of fossil energy was the largest.Meanwhile,carbon sinks of Nanjing presented a declining trend since 2000,which caused the decrease of carbon compensation rate and the increase of urban carbon cycle pressure.(2) The total carbon footprint of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000,and the carbon deficit was more than ten times of total land areas of Nanjing in 2009,which means Nanjing confronted high carbon cycle pressure.(3) Generally,carbon footprint intensity of Nanjing was on decrease and the carbon footprint productivity was on increase.This indicated that energy utilization rate and carbon efficiency of Nanjing was improved since 2000,and the policy for energy conservation and emission reduction taken by Nanjing's government received better effects.(4) Economic development,population and industrial structure are promoting factors for the increase of carbon footprint of Nanjing,while the industrial carbon footprint intensity was inhibitory factor.(5) Several countermeasures should be taken to decrease urban carbon footprint and alleviate carbon cycle pressure,such as:improvement of the energy efficiency,industrial structure reconstruction,afforestation and environmental protection and land use control.Generally,transition to low-carbon economy is essential for Chinese cities to realize sustainable development in the future.     

黄河入海泥沙悬移输送机制的控制试验

Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third generation wave model SWAN and the Grant-Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be concluded that suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River cannot be delivered in long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway. On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition.