广东沿海及海南岛东南部海底表层孢粉分布及其环境意义

为了探讨海洋表层沉积物的孢粉分布与可能陆源地区植被、气候以及孢粉传播机制的关系,为南海古环境研究提供可靠的基础,采用野外取样、室内实验、计算孢粉百分比和孢粉浓度等方法,对广东沿海及海南岛东南部(108°34′12″—120°E,17°—23°43′12″N,水深为37—3370m)40个表层沉积物样品进行孢粉分析,揭示表层孢粉在整个广东沿海及海南岛东南部的分布和传播规律,尤其关注以往未涉及的广东沿岸海域的孢粉分布情况。研究发现草本花粉如禾本科Poaceae、蒿属Artemisia、藜科Chenopodiaceae、十字花科Brassiceae除在广东沿海近岸带含量较高外,一般都低,可能与沿岸热带亚热带草地分布以及水稻、甘蔗、蔬菜种植有关,推测是以冬季表层环流为动力由北向南传播的。松属Pinus花粉百分比高(20%)且传播较远,以珠江口和东沙群岛附近的样点最高,向西南逐渐降低,说明松属花粉是以冬季风为主要动力传播的。近海区域表层沉积的芒箕孢子含量很高(60%),可能与剧烈的人类活动干扰有关。而热带、亚热带阔叶林花粉(如栲属和栎属)的数量却远远低于其在陆地植被中的数量。广东沿岸的栲属Castanopsis、栎属Quercus、三缝孢Trilete-spore等花粉主要来源于海南岛和广东沿岸,可能是随河流及南海北部表层环流输送的。单缝孢及水生植物莎草科Cyperaceae的百分含量以靠近珠江口的样点较高,可能与河流的注入有关。     

颗粒接触力检测方法评述

颗粒物质是大量固体颗粒体系的集合体,其特性区别于普通固体和液体等物质的性质,颗粒物质基础力学问题的研究20年来一直是科学的前沿,从分析多尺度结构和相关物理机制的角度研究颗粒物质可能取得突破。首先介绍了微观尺度--亦即单颗粒尺度颗粒间接触力的检测方法,包括高精度电子天平称重法、显色灵敏复写纸压痕方法、光弹实验方法、荧光共聚焦显微镜法和磁共振弹性成像法等,根据检测过程中是否对颗粒带来影响划分为接触式检测和非接触式检测两大类,并对这些方法的工作原理、检测结果和优缺点进行了评述。我们指出接触式测量对颗粒体系带来了或多或少的干扰,特别是由于力链对局部力的变化反应极为敏感,轻微的变化足以使得力链结构发生很大变化,开展无干扰的光测实验是必然的发展趋势,而现阶段开展二维光弹性实验是很有意义的。最后介绍了作者正在进行的颗粒物质光弹力学实验的研究工作。     

新一代多普勒天气雷达（CINRAD/CD）方位伺服系统典型故障分析及处理

根据方位伺服系统工作原理、故障现象和故障原因,对遵义新一代多普勒天气雷达运行7年多来10次发生的方位伺服系统故障维修工作进行归纳总结。认为：（1）遵义雷达出现的方位伺服系统故障可以归纳为5类典型故障,并对应找出具体维修措施;（2）方位伺服系统组成部件较多,而且分布在多个不同地方,检修工作难度大,维修人员需要掌握系统的组成和工作原理,然后进行分级判断和故障定位;（3）方位伺服系统维修常用检查仪器主要是示波器和三相万用表,因此要求技术保障人员熟练使用;（4）从发生故障部位来看,主要集中在方位驱动分机内,因此需要重点掌握方位驱动分机工作原理和分机内各部件工作原理,对应的检测参数和测量值,特别要记住一些检测波形。总之,随着雷达使用年限的增加,雷达设备故障率在增加,而故障维修工作纷繁复杂,如何保证较高的雷达可利用率,这就要求台站人员在了解技术说明书、原理图的基础上,在每次故障维修过程中及时总结各种故障维修措施,积累维修经验。     

Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South China Sea and its significance for in sediment sources and transport

Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis (GSTA) model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS (north of 20°N) between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modern transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.     

Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South China Sea and its significance for in sediment sources and transport

Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis (GSTA) model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS (north of 20°N) between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modern transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.     

用潜孔锤钻进技术施工蒙古国塔木察格水井

20世纪90年代以来,在基岩地区进行水文地质钻探大部分采用潜孔锤钻探工艺。这种工艺优点是效率高,而缺点是一次性投入较大,尤其是大口径潜孔锤钻进。     

两种激光粒度仪测量结果的对比

用两种型号(Cilas 940L和Malvern2000)的激光粒度仪对149个沉积物样品进行了测量,对测量结果作了对比分析。包括各粒级间的对比、各种粒度参数的对比以及相关分析等。找出了两种仪器在不同粒级之间的差异和相关性。分析结果表明,两种仪器的分析数据在13～14pm的粒度区间最为接近,小于此粒级范围时Cilas 940L所测得数据大于同粒级内Malvern2000的观测值,大于此粒级范围的分析结果则相反,即Cilas 940L对细粒样品的敏感性更强一些。     

H2 PRODUCTION BY ANABAENA VARIABILIS MUTANT IN COMPUTER CONTROLLED TWO-STAGE AIR-LIFT TUBULAR PHOTOBIOREACTOR

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Correlation study between suspended particulate matter and DOAS data

Continuous data of aerosol optical thickness monitored using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) are correlated with the concentration of ground-measured suspended particulate matter (SPM). A high correlation is found between the DOAS and the ground SPM data, making it possible to calculate the mass extinction efficiency of the aerosols in the atmosphere. It is found that the value of mean mass extinction efficiency (MEE) varies over a range of 2.6–13.7m2 g?1, with smaller and larger values occurring for size distributions dominated by coarse and fine particles, respectively.     

贵州一次强冰雹过程降雹单体的特征分析

利用遵义CINRAD-CD天气雷达回波资料及其生成产品,结合灾情实况对2005年贵州中西部一次强冰雹过程进行了诊断分析。分析表明这次过程具有超级单体风暴的降雹特征,其中持续15min以上的弱回波区、长丁状回波、＞50dBz的回波主体形成钩状回波、主体回波具有前侧或后侧V形槽口中1个以上特征就可以发布降大雹的预警。2个体扫以上连续出现深厚的中气旋特征,即可判定对流风暴是超级单体风暴,因此利用风暴相对速度图能快速分析风暴单体是否是超级单体;HI产品对冰雹的预警具有指示作用,但算法参数值的本地化还需要做相关工作。