卧龙自然保护区内海拔梯度上林窗如何影响植物多样性?（英文）

Understanding the underlying ecological processes that control plant diversity within(α-diversity) and among(β-diversity) forest gaps is important for managing natural forest ecosystems, and it is also a prerequisite for identifying the formation and maintenance mechanisms of forest plant communities. In this study, we focused on the interrelationships among habitat type(gap/non-gap plots), gap size, elevation and environmental factors, and we explored their effects on plant diversity(α-diversity and β-diversity). To do this, a total of 21 non-gap(i.e., closed canopy) plots(100 m2) and 63 gap plots, including 21 with large gaps(200–410 m2), 21 with medium gaps(100–200 m2) and 21 with small gaps(38.5– 100 m2),were selected along an elevational gradient in a subalpine coniferous forest of southwestern China. Using structural equation models(SEMs), we analyzed how forest gaps affected plant diversity(α-diversity and β-diversity) along an elevational gradient. The results showed that(1) as elevation increased, unimodal patterns of α-diversity were found in different-sized gaps, and β-diversity showed a consistent sinusoidal function pattern in different-sized gaps. The gap size was positively related to α-diversity, but this effect disappeared above 3500 masl. Moreover, the patterns of α-diversity and β-diversity in non-gap plots were irregular along the elevational gradient.(2) SEMs demonstrated that many environmental factors, such as the annual mean air temperature(AMAT), ultraviolet-A radiation(365 nm, UV-A365), ultraviolet-B1 radiation(297 nm, UV-B297), moss thickness(MT), soil carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N ratio), NH4-N and NO3-N, were significantly affected by elevation, which then affected α-diversity and β-diversity. The photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), UV-A365 and UV-B297 were significantly higher in plots with forest gaps than in the non-gap plots. Moreover, the PPFD and UV-A365 were positively and directly affected by gap size. Surprisingly, except for the NH4-N and the C/N ratios, the below-ground environmental factors showed little or no relationships with forest gaps. All of these effects contributed to plant diversity. Overall, the above-ground environmental factors were more sensitive to gap-forming disturbances than the below-ground environmental factors, which affected α-diversity and β-diversity. The predicted pathway in the SEMs of the elevational effects on α-diversity andβ-diversity was relatively complicated compared with the effects of forest gaps. These results can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving the diversity-habitat relationship in the subalpine coniferous forests of southwestern China.     

扎龙湿地研究进展

湿地是陆地生态系统生态过程的重要组成部分,扎龙湿地作为世界最大的芦苇湿地,正处于全球变化的敏感区域,总结了2000年以来扎龙湿地的土地覆盖、湿地环境、生态评估等方面的研究成果,并提出了其中存在的问题和未来发展趋势。结果如下:(1)扎龙湿地土地覆盖研究以遥感手段为主,从景观生态学角度研究认为,核心湿地趋于破碎,土地利用趋于多样化和均匀化,湿地景观完整性较差,有湿生景观向旱生景观转变的趋势,但湿地整体仍处在稳定状态;(2)近几十年来的湿地退化造成土壤有机碳流失严重;(3)湿地在自然条件下的蓄水量呈下降趋势,天然补水量小于生态需水量,而且水体已呈现出富营养化状态,个别水体重金属元素的污染已达到极强的潜在生态危害程度;(4)自然因素对扎龙湿地的总体变化影响显著,但人类活动对一些典型区域的退化起主导作用;(5)扎龙湿地研究近期应注重长时间序列湿地监测资料的积累和遥感研究工作,在耦合水文、生态、气象、土壤等多环境因素下,开展湿地生态系统功能参数的定量研究、湿地生态服务价值研究和管理决策支持系统构建,以及探讨定量方式在扎龙湿地生态系统变化分析中的应用。     

济南市岩溶泉域地下水化学特征与水环境演化

分析山东省济南市趵突泉泉域的岩溶地下水水化学特征与水环境,揭示各化学指标的区域分布特征、时间变化特征以及相互转化关系,总结出济南地区地下水环境现状与演化规律。结果表明:济南市岩溶地下水水化学类型自东南向西北沿流场方向为:HCO3?SO4-Ca→HCO3?SO4-Ca?Mg→HCO3-Ca→HCO3-Ca?Mg;地下水NO〖_3^-〗-N浓度总体呈增高趋势,总硬度和TDS浓度较高,农业种植区大量使用化肥农药和企业污染物的排放,是引起济南市岩溶地下水水环境问题的主要原因。      

组件技术在GIS系统中的研究与应用

为了适应软件组件化潮流，新一代地理信息系统-组件式地理信息系统越来越成为今后GIS发展的趋势。在阐述组件式地理信息系统的概念和技术的基础上，讨论了组件式地理信息系统的发展历程和特点及其在实际的地理信息系统平台中的应用情况，在此基础上较为深入地介绍了MAPGIS组件式地理信息系统的设计开发原理和实用特点。针对MAPGIS组件开发平台多层次的体系结构，进行举例说明，按照其功能把组件分成不同的类型，分别实现相应的操作。然后详细地阐述了利用GIS组件进行应用系统开发的优点和方法：各个模块之间既可相互关联共同处理数据，又可独立操作互不影响，可以实现高效无缝的系统集成。     

岩溶隧道涌水对降雨的响应特征

引入时间序列分析方法,以铜锣山岩溶长大隧道为例,采用相关分析和频谱分析,定量研究了该隧道涌水对降雨的响应特征。结果表明,隧址区岩溶地下水系统储量十分丰富,具有很强的调节能力和过滤作用,致使隧道涌水与降雨的相关程度不高,平均滞后时间长达12.62 d,由此推断,隧道涌水与降雨之间的连通性较差。此研究成果可为隧道后期的防排水管理提供科学依据。      

网络RTK技术在高速公路登记测量中的应用

结合实例,阐述网络RTK技术的系统组成和基本原理;对常规RTK技术与网络RTK技术进行了比较;介绍网络RTK测量中三种几何精度检验的方法。     

新城段水资源供需平衡及对下游翻板坝蓄水工程影响分析

按照汤岗子新城总体规划及《杨柳河汤岗子新城段综合整治工程规划》的要求,杨柳河汤岗子新城段河道内需修建6座翻板闸,形成连续水面,虽然本次只做凤凰湖设计,且仅涉及到1座翻板坝,但水量平衡分析要整体考虑,为此对杨柳河汤岗子新城段整体水资源供需平衡分析。从蒸发损失水量、渗透损失水量分析计算得到蓄水工程用水量,结合不同保证率下的供用水量平衡,分析了对下游杨柳河翻板坝蓄水工程影响。     

寻找神秘毛发的主人

在中国辽阔的土地上,有一个神秘的地方——神农架。 众所周知,笼罩着在这片土地上的,不仅是一望无际的原始森林,不仅是美轮美奂的自然风光,还有许多至今仍然无法解释的谜团。神农架从不缺少传说,从不缺少故事,对于许多人来说,神农架的另一个名字叫“神秘”。     

国家发展改革委秘书长杨伟民：用“9＋1”政策体系促《规划》落地

《全国主体功能区规划》统筹谋划了未来国家和不同区域人口分布、经济布局、国土利用和城镇化格局,将国土空间划分为优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类,确定了主体功能定位,明确了开发方向,也将控制开发强度,规范开发秩序,完善开发政策,