内蒙古大雪天气学分型研究

应用1971—2008年气象观测资料,对内蒙古大雪天气过程进行普查,查找出大雪天气过程98次。根据700hPa环流形势特征的不同,将内蒙古大雪天气形势分为2类6型。弱冷空气类:这种类型大多和南支暖湿系统相联系而出现,以降雪天气为主,降雪量较大。根据影响系统的不同分为槽涡型、切变型、北槽南涡型。强冷空气类:这种类型大多和高空长波槽脊相联系而出现,由于冷空气主体东移,且锋区较强,因此在产生降雪的同时,有大风和降温天气出现,多为风雪寒潮天气过程。根据影响系统的不同分为蒙古低槽(涡)型、贝加尔湖低槽(涡)型、西来斜压槽型。从系统的垂直结构分析表明:弱冷空气类与强冷空气类大雪存在明显的不同,弱冷空气类整层暖湿上升运动明显,强冷空气类对流层中高层冷平流强,斜压性明显。文章最后总结了各型大雪天气的预报着眼点。     

深部地应力探测技术理论探讨

地应力测量的研究已有几十年的历史,但是对于地下深部地应力非钻孔式测量探测技术的发展,则一直进展很慢。本文依据天然电磁波场源,利用光弹实验模型原理,研制了ＤＹＬ型地应力探测仪,并在淮南地区地庆力状态普查过程中,取得了明显的应用效果。     

深部超临界地热条件下纯水的电阻和电导演变特征

通过测定纯水在300～500℃和30～50 MPa条件下的电阻,揭示了纯水电阻和电导由亚临界区进入超临界区的变化特征.在此基础上,探讨了超临界水电阻和电导随温度和压力变化的演变机理.结果表明,纯水电导值在超临界点(374℃,22.1 MPa)附近具有涨落现象,具体表现为：(1)在亚临界区电导值与温度具有正相关关系,这是由于H⁺和OH^-的极限当量电导之和随温度升高而上升所导致;(2)进入超临界区后电导值与温度具有负相关关系,这是由于水的密度和解离常数随温度上升而降低所导致.此外,固定温度条件下,纯水电导值与压力始终保持正相关关系.本次研究可为深部超临界地热资源地球物理勘探和解译提供基础数据.     

地理国情普查中容易混分地表覆盖类型定量统计与分析

地理国情普查是新形势下测绘地理信息领域一项新的重大工作,开展地理国情普查可以全面获取地理国情信息,为开展常态化地理国情监测奠定基础。地表覆盖分类数据是地理国情普查的重要组成部分和成果之一。本文针对目前地理国情普查工作实际数据采集过程中存在的混分问题,广泛收集了地表覆盖分类方面的典型样例和问题,从一级类内部混淆和跨一级类混淆两个方面统计和分析了容易混分的类型,探讨了容易混淆地表覆盖类型形成的原因和规律,并给出了提高分类精度的建议。本文研究结果可直接服务于地理国情普查工作的开展,为提高地表覆盖分类精度提供科学参考。     

TRMM降水率资料的三维变分同化及其对"杜鹃"(0313)台风预报的改进

在GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System, 全球/区域同化预报系统)三维变分同化系统的基础上, 用改进的郭晓岚对流参数化方案作为观测算子, 来同化TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, 热带降水监测计划)卫星反演的降水率资料.单点试验表明该方案通过调整背景场的水汽辐合和辐散的垂直结构, 使得同化后观测算子计算的降水率更接近实况.对台风 "杜鹃" (0313)的同     

地形图更新方法初探

阐述地形图更新的方法,介绍采用旧的地形图数字化加全站仪局部更新的方法,探讨作业中应注意的一些问题.     

The Role of β-effect and a Uniform Current on Tropical Cyclone Intensity

A limited-area primitive equation model is used to study the role of the β-effect and a uniform current on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity.It is found that TC intensity is reduced in a non-quiescent environment compared with the case of no uniform current.On an f-plane,the rate of intensification of a tropical cyclone is larger than that of the uniform flow.A TC on a β-plane intensifies slower than one on an f-plane.The main physical characteristic that distinguishes the experiments is the asymmetric thermodynamic (including convective) and dynamic structures present when either a uniform flow or β-effect is introduced.But a fairly symmetric TC structure is simulated on an f-plane.The magnitude of the warm core and the associated subsidence are found to be responsible for such simulated intensity changes.On an f-plane,the convection tends to be symmetric,which results in strong upper-level convergence near the center and hence strong forced subsidence and a very warm core.On the other hand,horizontal advection of temperature cancels part of the adiabatic heating and results in less warming of the core,and hence the TC is not as intense.This advective process is due to the tilt of the vortex as a result of the β-effect.A similar situation occurs in the presence of a uniform flow.Thus,the asymmetric horizontal advection of temperature plays an important role in the temperature distribution.Dynamically,the asymmetric angular momentum (AM) flux is very small on an f-plane throughout the troposphere.However,the total AM exports at the upper levels for a TC either on aβ-plane or with a uniform flow environment are larger because of an increase of the asymmetric as well as symmetric AM export on the plane at radii ＞450 km,and hence there is a lesser intensification.     

Sensitivity study of the seasonal mean circulation in the northern South China Sea

A study of the circulation in the northern South China Sea （SCS） is carried out with the aid of a three-dimensional, high-resolution regional ocean model. One control and two sensitivity experiments are performed to qualitatively investigate the effects of surface wind forcing, Kuroshio intrusion, and bottom topographic influence on the circulation in the northern SCS. The model results show that a branch of the Kuroshio in the upper layer can intrude into the SCS and have direct influence on the circulation over the continental shelf break in the northern SCS. There are strong southward pressure gradients along a zonal belt largely seaward of the continental slope. The pressure gradients are opposite in the southern and northern parts of the Luzon Strait, indicating inflow and outflow through the strait, respectively. The sensitivity experiments suggest that the Kuroshio intrusion is responsible for generating the imposed pressure head along the shelf break and has no obvious seasonal variations. The lateral forcing through the Luzon Strait and Taiwan Strait can induce the southwestward slope current and the northeastward SCS Warm Current in the northern SCS. Without the lateral forcing, there is the continental slope. The wind forcing mainly causes the The wind-induced water pile-up results in the southward no high-pressure-gradient zonal belt seaward of seasonal variation of the circulation in the SCS. high pressure gradient along the northwestern boundary of the basin. Without the blocking of the plateau around Dongsha Islands, the intruded Kuroshio tends to extend northwest and the SCS branch of the Kuroshio becomes wider and stronger. The analyses presented here are qualitative in nature but should lead to a better understanding of the oceanic responses in the northern SCS to these external influence factors.     

阿留申岛弧的非火山颤动

在阿留申岛弧观测到了一些非火山颤动。在数座火山上的大跨区的地震台网也监测到颤动状的事件,因此不可能与任何一座火山体有关。虽然目前还不能给这些颤动定位,但我们根据多个台网的反射时差和振幅给出了大概的位置。多数非火山颤动是在所推断的太平洋消减板块闭锁区或从蠕动到闭锁转换区记录到的。有一次非火山颤动事件是在拉特群岛和安德烈亚诺夫群岛附近地区地震活动和火山活动增强时期记录到的。类似的同步增加以往在阿留申群岛记录到过,并被假设是由慢滑动事件引起的大范围应力变化造成的。2008年7月12日奥克莫克火山喷发约1小时后在科罗文和大锡特金地震台网记录到显著的非火山颤动。非火山颤动并不是分散地出现在整个阿留申岛弧,而似乎是集中在几个地区。用2500km的消减带,我们有机会检查这些地区并将其与不产生非火山颤动地区加以比较,以便确定产生该颤动的作用因素。