海州湾及邻近海域口虾蛄栖息地适宜性建模的环境变量优化

Habitat suitability index(HSI) models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors, and ultimately inform management of marine species. The response of species abundance to each environmental variable is different and habitat requirements may change over life history stages and seasons. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal combination of environmental variables in HSI modelling. In this study, generalized additive models(GAMs) were used to determine which environmental variables to be included in the HSI models. Significant variables were retained and weighted in the HSI model according to their relative contribution(%) to the total deviation explained by the boosted regression tree(BRT). The HSI models were applied to evaluate the habitat suitability of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas in 2011 and 2013–2017. Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in HSI models of mantis shrimp were also examined. Among the four models(non-optimized model, BRT informed HSI model,GAM informed HSI model, and both BRT and GAM informed HSI model), both BRT and GAM informed HSI model showed the best performance. Four environmental variables(bottom temperature, depth, distance offshore and sediment type) were selected in the HSI models for four groups(spring-juvenile, spring-adult, falljuvenile and fall-adult) of mantis shrimp. The distribution of habitat suitability showed similar patterns between juveniles and adults, but obvious seasonal variations were observed. This study suggests that the process of optimizing environmental variables in HSI models improves the performance of HSI models, and this optimization strategy could be extended to other marine organisms to enhance the understanding of the habitat suitability of target species.     

Evaluating impacts of pulse fishing on the effectiveness of seasonal closure

Seasonal fishing closures are often used in fisheries management to conserve overfished stocks.As one of the unintended consequences,fishermen often contend for maximizing catches immediately after reopening fisheries.The resultant large catch landings in a short time period(i.e.,pulse fishing)may undermine the benefit of closure.We implemented an end-to-end model OSMOSE-JZB(Object-oriented Simulator of Marine ec OSystem Exploitation OSMOSE)modelling ecosystem in the Jiaozhou Bay located in China to evaluate the impact of pulse fishing on the effectiveness of seasonal closure at levels of fish community,population,and individual.Our study demonstrated that the three-month closure was successful in conserving fish stocks.There were small variations on ecological indicators(i.e.,total biomass of the community,mean trophic level of the community,mean trophic level of the catch,and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index)when pulse fishing occurred.Pulse fishing seemed not to result in a great shift in community structure.Compared to other species,the biomass of two large predatory fishes were more susceptible to pulse fishing.Pulse fishing could change the pressure of predators to fish stocks via food webs,especially for young individuals.Our simulations indicate that we can improve the effectiveness of seasonal closure by managing pulse fishing.Although the results derived in this study may be specific to the target ecosystem,the general approach is applicable to other ecosystems when evaluating fishing impacts.     

基于Ecopath模型的海州湾及邻近海域生态系统结构研究

基于2018年海州湾及邻近海域的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,运用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5 (EwE)软件构建由26个功能群组成的海州湾及邻近海域生态系统Ecopath模型,对现阶段该生态系统的营养结构、营养相互关系和系统总特征等进行分析,旨在为实施基于生态系统的渔业管理提供理论依据。结果表明:海州湾及邻近海域生态系统各功能群的营养级范围为1.00～4.19,其中鱼类营养级范围较广,为3.22～4.19;浮游动物和其他软体动物受初级生产者和捕食者的双重作用,处于重要的营养位置;生态系统总体特征分析显示,该生态系统的总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值为7.096,总初级生产量与总生物量的比值为56.866,系统的连接指数和系统杂食指数分别为0.429和0.204,说明该生态系统目前处于不成熟、不稳定的状态,容易受外界扰动的影响。本文通过对海州湾及邻近海域生态系统模型进行研究,解析了该海域营养结构和系统发育状况,将为海州湾渔业资源的可持续利用和科学管理提供理论依据。     

胶州湾浅水区鱼类种类组成及其季节变化

根据2009年3月～2010年2月在胶州湾潮下带浅水区进行的逐月鱼类定置网调查,分析了胶州湾浅水区鱼类种类组成及其季节变化.结果表明:本调查共鉴定出鱼类44种,隶属于9目24科39属.渔获鱼类皆为硬骨鱼类,以鲈形目(Perciformes)的种类最多,有11科23属25种.在各科中,以虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)鱼类种类最多,共9属10种.按适温类型分,暖温性鱼类共23种(占52.27％),暖水种14种(占31.82％),冷温种7种(占15.91％);按栖息水层组成分,底层鱼类36种(占81.82％),中上层鱼类8种(占18.18％);按产卵类别分,产浮性卵鱼类21种(占47.73％),黏着沉性卵鱼类11种(占25％),附着性卵鱼类9种(占20.45％),卵胎生鱼类3种(占6.82％).各生态类型鱼类种类组成季节变化明显,种类组成的平均季节更替率达63.3％.本调查在胶州湾浅水区发现40余种幼鱼,尤其仍存在鮻、许氏平鲉、钝吻黄盖鲽和短吻红舌鳎等经济种类,表明胶州湾仍是重要的鱼类产卵和育幼场,应加强对其生态环境和渔业资源的保护,以期保护渔业生物多样性和实现渔业资源的可持续利用.     

青藏高原及邻区的地壳磁异常特征与区域构造

研究青藏高原及邻近地区地壳磁异常场分布特征,对认识该区岩石圈结构和演化以及区域地球动力学过程有重要意义.本文根据地面、航空、海洋和卫星磁测资料构建的最新一代高阶地磁场模型NGDC-EMM-720-V3,分析青藏高原及邻区地壳磁异常及其垂直梯度的展布规律、磁异常衰减特征、不同波长带对磁异常的贡献和磁异常与岩石圈区域构造的关系.结果显示,青藏高原正负磁异常都较弱,周边地区磁异常强,其分界与高原区域构造的边界基本吻合.磁异常在青藏高原中西部呈近东西走向,西南部和东部形成弧形状,东南部为近南北走向,与构造走向基本一致.东、西构造结地区形成强的负异常焦点.青藏高原内部各新生代地块的磁异常无明显差异,磁异常与地壳厚度没有直接对应关系.在青藏高原弱磁异常背景上,拉萨地块、祁连地块、柴达木地块和川滇菱形地块叠加有相对较强的地壳浅部的短波长磁场.喜马拉雅分布着东西向强负磁异常带,主要由地壳深部和中部的中长波长带产生.四川盆地和塔里木盆地的磁性构造层稳定.高原南部不同高度处的磁异常变化较大,揭示出从地壳深部到浅层地表的磁性构造发生过剧烈变化.     

征地补偿应符合正当程序

各国关于土地征用的普遍规定是，在政府因建设发展的需要而征地的情况下，产权人必须为大局作出让步，但是政府必须提出需要征地的足够理由及给予不低于市场价格的足够补偿。     

基于GAM和GWR模型分析环境因子对鱼类分布的影响

多鳞鱚（Sillago sihama）是山东近海重要的渔业种类之一。本研究根据2016年秋季（10月）在山东近海开展渔业资源底拖网调查取得的数据,分析该海域多鳞鱚的空间分布特征,并运用广义可加模型（GAM）和地理加权回归（GWR）模型探究影响其分布的因素及其与环境因子的非线性和空间非平稳性关系。GAM拟合结果显示,影响秋季多鳞鱚分布的环境因子主要有水深、底层水温和底层盐度,水深的偏差解释率最大,为23.50%。GWR模型拟合结果显示,多鳞鱚分布与水深和底层水温之间存在空间非平稳性关系。水深与多鳞鱚相对资源量呈负相关关系,底层水温与多鳞鱚相对资源量呈正相关关系。赤池信息准则和决定系数（R2）指标对比结果显示,GWR模型的表现优于GAM,在渔业生态数据分析中表现出较好的发展潜力。本研究为今后开展渔业生物空间分布提供了一种新的方法。     

夏季青藏高原低值系统与地气温差及我国降水的联系

基于青藏高原低涡和切变线（简称高原低值系统）年鉴、国家气象站地面观测资料及ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析了高原低值系统多、少发年夏季高原地气温差变化的差异及其对我国降水的影响。结果表明:（1）高原夏季地气温差对高原低值系统的发生和移动有明显的影响。在低值系统频发区,多发年的地气温差明显比少发年高。（2）我国西部的青藏高原中部、东北部及西南地区在多发年降水偏多,高原南部和东南部则在少发年降水偏多;我国东部地区,多、少发年降水差异自南至北呈“+”、“?”、“+”、“?”、“+”的差值带分布特征,即华南、江淮流域、华北和东北地区降水在多发年偏多,江南地区和黄淮流域降水则在少发年偏多。（3）高原低值系统多、少发年夏季对流层的环流系统及相应垂直速度、水汽输送变化有明显差异,并影响青藏高原和我国降水的变化。在高原地区,多、少发年之间环流的差异是受高原东部和南部的气流辐合（辐散）场、相应的垂直运动差值上升（下沉）、水汽输送辐合（辐散）区域变化的影响;在东部地区,则是受南海到华南、长江流域、华北到东北为气旋（反气旋）环流系统及其间辐合（辐散）带变化的影响。      

准噶尔盆地滴西地区火山岩爆发相特征及储集性能影响因素

爆发相火山岩是火山碎屑不同形式的组合体,根据火山碎屑的类型和组合方式可以划分为空落亚相、热基浪亚相、热碎屑流亚相和溅落亚相共4个亚相,每个亚相都有其独特的判别标志.克拉美丽滴西地区爆发相火山岩的岩心、普通薄片、铸体薄片以及测井资料研究发现,该区域岩性复杂,爆发相火山岩主要赋存在滴西10井区和滴西14井区范围内,岩性以火山凝灰岩、火山角砾岩、熔结凝灰岩和熔结火山角砾岩为主.爆发相的储集空间以基质溶孔、粒内溶孔、构造裂缝和溶蚀缝为特征.爆发相各亚相中,以熔结凝灰岩为主的热碎屑流亚相和以火山凝灰岩为主的空落亚相为优质储集体发育部位,主要影响因素为构造作用和流体的溶蚀作用.这项研究为判别其他相似地区爆发相火山岩能否成为有效储层提供参考意义.     

寒武纪早期澄江生物群小细丝海绵属新材料

文章描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群小细丝海绵属一新种--螺旋小细丝海绵（Leptomitella spiralis sp. nov.）。新种 具有横向骨针束围绕海绵体呈螺旋状排列的典型特征,明显区别于属内其他种;此外,在外部形态和骨针类型上与属内其他种 也存在较大差异。新种的发现增加了Leptomitella种间形态结构的多样性,也为海绵动物的早期演化及寒武纪海绵动物辐射演 化研究提供新的化石资料。