Comparison in copper accumulation and physiological responses of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and G. lichenoides (Rhodophyceae)

Heavy metal pollution has become a worldwide problem in aquaculture. We studied copper (Cu2+ ) accumulation and physiological responses of two red algae Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Gracilaria lichenoides from China under Cu2+ exposure of 0-500 μg/L in concentration. Compared with G. lemaneiformis, G. lichenoides was more capable in accumulating Cu2+ , specifically, more Cu2+ on extracellular side (cell wall) than on intracellular side (cytoplasm) and in cell organelles (especially chloroplast, cell nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosome). In addition, G. lichenoides contained more insoluble polysaccharide in cell wall, which might promote the extracellular Cu2+ -binding as an efficient barrier against metal toxicity. Conversely, G. lemaneiformis was more vulnerable than G. lichenoides to Cu 2+ toxin for decreases in growth, pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phycobiliprotein, and β-carotene) content, and photosynthetic activity. Moreover, more serious oxidative damages in G. lemaneiformis than in G. lichenoides, in accumulation of reactive oxidative species and malondialdehyde, and in electrolyte leakage, because of lower antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase) activities. Therefore, G. lichenoides was less susceptible to Cu2+ stress than G. lemaneiformis.     

Culture observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis on the blooming green alga Chaetomorpha valida (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from China

The marine green alga Chaetomorpha valida fouls aquaculture ponds along the coastal cities of Dalian and Rongcheng, China. Unialgal cultures were observed under a microscope to determine the developmental morphological characters of C. valida. Results reveal that gametophytic filaments often produce lateral branches under laboratory culture conditions, suggesting an atypical heteromorphic life cycle of C. valida between unbranched sporophytes and branched gametophytes, which differs from typical isomorphic alternation of Chaetomorpha species. The shape of the basal attachment cell, an important taxonomic character within the genus, was found variable depending on environmental conditions. The 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA regions were used to explore the phylogenetic affinity of the taxa. Inferred trees from 18S rDNA sequences revealed a close relationship between C. valida and Chaetomorpha moniligera. These results would enrich information in general biology and morphological plasticity of C. valida and provided a basis for future identification of green tide forming algae.     

基于气候变化和人类活动影响的土地利用分析——以新疆阿克苏河流域绿洲为例

以1990、 2000、 2010年3期Landsat TM影像为土地利用基础数据, 结合1990年以来的社会经济资料和反映气候变化的气温、 降水数据, 对1990年以来阿克苏河流域绿洲土地利用变化进行了分析. 结果表明: 1990-2010年期间, 耕地、 建设用地以单向转入为主, 耕地对绿洲"扩张"贡献最大, 前期(1990-2000年)的贡献率为129.1%, 后期(2001-2010年)的贡献率提高到142.5%; 草地、 水域以单向转出为主, 草地对绿洲"萎缩"贡献最大, 前期的贡献率是-39.8%, 后期是-34.8%; 其次是水域, 前期对绿洲的贡献率是-1%, 后期是-9.3%; 河漫滩、 林地、 湿地在前期对绿洲的"扩张"贡献率分别是7.5%、 0.3%和5.1%, 后期对绿洲的"萎缩"贡献率分别是-2.4%、 -0.02%和-0.4%. 近20 a来流域绿洲规模整体上持续扩张. 通过分析绿洲土地利用驱动力系统可以看出, 绿洲土地利用类型变化主要受人类活动影响, 气候变化起基础性作用.     

可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)卵黄合成期卵母细胞发育及卵黄发生与卵膜形成的超微结构

采用电镜技术观察研究了可口革囊星虫卵黄合成期卵母细胞发育及卵黄发生与卵膜形成的超微结构特征。结果表明,可口革囊星虫卵黄合成期卵母细胞发育经历了卵黄合成初期、卵黄旺盛合成期及生长成熟期三个阶段。卵母细胞卵黄发生途径主要由线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器演变成卵黄粒,以及吞饮作用形成卵黄粒。卵母细胞质膜外被有卵黄膜,由卵母细胞自体形成,且随生长而加厚;卵黄膜具通透性,外源营养物质能透过卵黄膜进入卵内。生长成熟的卵母细胞卵黄膜厚7—9μm,从内向外由纤维层、致密层、粒状突层及外膜构成,保护卵母细胞维持特定的形状。     

西南印度洋中脊50°E基性超基性岩石地球化学特征及其成因初探

西南印度洋中脊是典型的慢速扩张洋中脊之一。对采自西南印度洋中脊50°E附近的7件玄武岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩样品所作的分析表明,基性玄武岩类SiO2含量为43.72%～48.40%,TiO2含量较少,为1.14%～1.52%;MgO含量为5.96%～10.98%;TFe2O3含量为4.55%～5.2%;Mg#值为0.53～0.64,里特曼指数σ为2.34～20.10。微量元素Zr/Nb和Y/Nb比值为显示N-MORB的性质,但是其他微量元素的比值(Ba/Nb,Ba/Th,La/Nb,Nb/U,Nb/Pb)均不显示正常洋中脊玄武岩的特征,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示强烈富集K和Pb,亏损Nb,稀土元素显示较为平缓的分配模式。超基性蛇纹石化橄榄岩的主量元素特征为SiO2为38.91～45.49;TiO2含量为0.02～0.28;MgO含量很高,为36.87～40.61,TFe2O3含量为2.82～3.91,Mg#值为0.92～0.94。微量元素中Ni,Cr的含量很高,原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示橄榄岩强烈富集K和Pb,Ba,Th,La,Ce,Ti中等程度富集,而亏损Nb,Sr。稀土元素总量较低,标准化曲线显示轻稀土元素富集模式。结合地球化学特征及前人研究资料分析认为,西南印度洋中脊的基性岩和超基性岩属同源性质,其原始地幔物质可能为部分正常洋中脊亏损地幔混染了陆壳或远洋沉积物的结果。     

Molecular identification and culture observation on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acrochaete leptochaete</Emphasis> (Chaetophoraceae,Chlorophyta) from China

Acrochaete leptochaete (Huber) Nielsen (Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta) was isolated from the macroalgae Chaetomorpha collected from intertidal pools in Rongcheng, Shandong, China. 18S rDNA combined with ITS regions were used to ascertain the morphological identification of the isolated material. Based on the unialgal culture, asexual reproduction and growth characteristics of A. leptochaete were investigated over wide ranges of temperature and irradiance. Results revealed that asexual reproduction of A. leptochaete could be realized by biflagellate zoospores. The zoospores germinated directly to give self- replicating generations. Zoospore germination was bipolar. A temperature range from 13-21°C and a lower irradiance of 36 μmol/(m2·s) were most favorable for the growth of A. leptochaete. Thallus organization, an important taxonomic criterion for the genus Acrochaete, was affected markedly by temperature and irradiance. Our results extend the knowledge about the species’ general biology and its morphological plasticity. For classification and identification of a simple microphytic algae like A. leptochaete, which are traditionally placed in the class Chaetophoraceae, we propose that molecular tools associated with culture observations are applied.     

齐齐哈尔实现土地收储供应规范化

为加强土地收储供应工作,齐齐哈尔市将土地收储供应工作纳入市政府重要议事日程,切实加大组织领导力度,使土地收储供应逐步实现规范化。     

中国石化产业空间组织的评价与优化(英文)

The spatial organization of the Chinese petrochemical industry was optimized ac-cording to the status of development of the industry employing linear programming and Ar-cGIS spatial analysis tools. We first identified the indexes of the spatial organization of the petrochemical industry and established a comprehensive evaluation index system that in-cludes four major categories and 11 indicators. The weight of each index was then deter-mined by the analytical hierarchy process. Afterward, taking the 337 Chinese prefecture-level administrations as basic units and scientifically evaluating the potential comprehensive layout coefficients of the cities, 151 prefecture-level administrative units were selected as the basis for the choice of optimization sites with a linear programming model. Secondly, using the 151 prefecture-level administrative units and the maximum-coverage model, the optimal number and spatial distribution of refineries were identified for service radii of 100, 200 and 300 km. Thirdly, considering the actual distribution of China’s refineries, general rules for the number of refinery layout points and objective values were summarized, and 52 refinery layout points were selected for China. Finally, with ArcGIS spatial analysis tools, the spatial effect of the 52 optimal refinery layout points was simulated for the service scope and socioeconomic factors respectively, and the GDP and population data for each refinery layout point were then ex-tracted within the service scope. On this basis and with estimation of the intensity of crude-oil consumption, final results were obtained for the optimal spatial organization of the Chinese refining capacity and ethylene production capacity.     

基于Bootstrap方法的岩土体参数联合分布模型识别

小样本容量岩土体参数最优联合概率分布模型的识别是一个富有挑战性的问题。基于Bootstrap提出了小样本容量岩土体参数最优边缘分布函数和最优Copula函数识别方法。简要介绍了岩土体参数联合概率分布函数构造的Copula方法,采用AIC准则识别最优的边缘分布函数和Copula函数。将识别结果表示为不同备选边缘分布函数和Copula函数为最优边缘分布和最优Copula的权重系数集合,以基桩荷载-位移双曲线参数试验数据为例证明了所提方法的有效性。结果表明：基于小样本容量岩土体参数试验数据估计的样本均值、标准差和相关系数具有较大的离散性,这种离散性进一步导致了统计量AIC值存在较大变异性。提出的基于Bootstrap的最优边缘分布函数和最优Copula函数识别方法不仅可以有效地考虑统计量AIC值的变异性,而且能够综合地反映不同备选边缘分布函数和Copula函数为最优边缘分布和最优Copula函数的概率,为小样本容量岩土体参数最优边缘分布函数和最优Copula函数的识别提供了一条有效的途径。     

山东谢家沟金矿床流体包裹体研究及成矿机制的探讨

谢家沟金矿床位于胶东隆起西北缘的焦家断裂带和招平断裂带之间。矿床赋存在中生代玲珑花岗岩体中,矿体主要受NNE向和NNW向断裂构造控制,主要呈脉状或透镜状产出。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、自然金、银金矿以及少量的碲银矿和辉银矿。围岩蚀变主要有钾长石化、硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等。成矿作用从早到晚可划分为4个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-绢云母-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)、碳酸盐-萤石阶段(Ⅳ)。流体包裹体显微测温和激光拉曼成分分析表明,成矿早期流体温度为308~377℃,盐度为6.29%~8.55%,压力为350 MPa,属于H_2O-CO_2-NaCl流体体系;主成矿期的流体温度为226~331℃,盐度为4.87%~10.29%,压力为280~300 MPa,属于H_2O-CO_2-NaCl±CH_4流体体系。包裹体显微测温及岩相学观察发现,主成矿期的成矿流体发生了不混溶作用,这可能是导致金矿化的主要原因之一。硫同位素研究表明,谢家沟金矿床主成矿期黄铁矿的δ34S值接近或略低于胶东典型金矿床成矿期黄铁矿的δ34S值,暗示这些金矿床的成矿物质可能来自相同的源区;氢、氧同位素对比研究表明,谢家沟金矿床成矿流体表现出较明显的岩浆水特征,可能有大气降水的参与,但参与程度较弱。大气降水与岩浆水混合引起的温度降低、挥发分含量的降低可能是导致金矿化的另一原因。