由偏顶蛤贝壳中稳定同位素剖面追溯海水温度记录

本文用在加拿大诺瓦·斯科舍省芬克湾采集到的两只活体偏顶蛤(Modiolus)贝壳上的氧同位素组成重建了过去十年间的底层海水温度记录,它也可作为一种独立的方法来确定贝壳上外生长线的沉积时间。由于对贝壳进行了密集采样(可多至每个贝壳沉积年份取15个样品),贝壳上的δ~(16)O变化反映了芬克湾底层海水的季节性变化。两只贝壳所得的温度剖面符合得很好,说明它们基本上是与真实的环境温度相对应的。本研究证明在海胆疾病爆发时底层海水的温度并没有异常升高,这说明疾病传播的关键因素是带病的生物体,而不是温度。同位素技术也说明了在贝壳外表面上可见的外生长线是年轮性的,它们是在每年冬季最低水温时沉积出来的。     

一个与转移作用有关的盆地的演化：Ardea盆地（意大利中部拉齐奥地区）

一个与转移作用有关的盆地的演化：Ａｒｄｅａ盆地（意大利中部拉齐奥地区）Ｃ．Ｆａｃｃｅｎｎａ等地层Ａｒｄｅａ盆地是拉齐奥边缘最深的盆地之一。充填了１６００ｍ中新－更新统沉积。这套沉积物覆盖在一套中新统以泥灰质－砂泥质为主的复理石异地构造层上，复理石上覆...     

In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

新钻探技术的试验

在实现深海钻探计划和随后的大洋钻探计划的漫长岁月里 ,钻探技术在不断地改进。由于研制出了新的不同的设备和工艺 ,我们成功地获得了连续的沉积建造剖面 ,使得能够极为详细和可靠地恢复沉积盖层的形成史、海洋环流的变化、气候的波动和生物的演化史。但是 ,至今尚未彻底克服在基岩中钻孔所遇到的困难。当在硬质岩石出露的洋底表面区域进行钻探时 ,困难特别大 ,例如在洋中脊的轴部。稳定钻孔 ,特别是重返该钻孔的问题也没有解决。当在若干航次中采用一般工艺进行钻探时 ,确实有顺利钻入基底足够深度的例子 (例如太平洋中的 50 4B孔和印度…     

大尺度海岸行为

大尺度海岸行为ＪｅｆｆｒｅｙＨ．Ｌｉｓｔ等该题目是指对海岸和近岸沉积系统的了解，以及对发生在该系统中的变化的预测。Ｌｉｓｔ（１９９３）定义大尺度海岸行为是几十年的时间尺度内、几至几十公里空间范围内的海岸物理演化．Ｔｅｒｗｉｎｄｔ和Ｗｉｊｎｂｅｒｇ（１...     

太平洋西南部铁锰矿化的矿物学特征

太平洋西南部铁锰矿化的矿物学特征Ａ．Ｈ．Ｋａｎ等在对克马德克和新赫布里底岛弧—海沟构造系不同地貌构造的地质采样过程中（１９９０年科学考察船“ＡＨｅｃＭＨｏＢ院士”号第１７航次），在一系列测站上采集到不同的铁锰形成物（ＭＯ）。详细研究这些形成物具有特殊...     

五种植物提取液的抗鱼病菌和抗鱼病毒效应(英文)

本文旨在探索用廉价的野生植物防治鱼病。所用的植物有牛繁缕(Stellaria aqu-atica),双花凤仙(Impatiens biflora),夜来香(Oenothera biennis),艾草(Artem-isia vulgaris)和忍冬(Lonicera japonica)。用作试验的鱼病菌共13种(18个菌株),分属于气单孢菌属、假单孢菌属、爱德华氏菌属、耶尔森氏菌属、弧菌属。所用的鱼病毒为传染性胰脏坏死病毒IPNV,传染性造血组织坏死病毒IHNV。上述病原微生物均获自美国马里兰大学微生物系。实验结果表明,五种植物提取液均有不同程度的抗鱼病菌作用,其中以牛繁缕的抗菌谱最广,作用力最强。忍冬、艾草、牛繁缕有抗鱼病毒作用。其中以忍冬的效果最好,它能抑制IPNV和IHNV。而艾草和牛繁缕只能抑制IHNV。     

Improved form of wind wave frequency spectrum

The lower frequency part of the theoretical wind wave spectrum proposed by the authors (Wen et al. , 1988a, b,c) has been improved and the form of spectrum is appreciably simplified. In addition to the field data collected in the Bohai Sea region and used in the previous papers, those obtained in the Huanghai Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea have been employed so that the improved spectra can be verified on a more extensive observational basis. Computed results agree with the observations well. Further comparisons have been made between the proposed spectra and the JONSWAP spectrum. Though the two types of spectrum are close to each other in form, the former shows, as a whole, better agreement with the observation than the latter. By introducing an improved relation between the peak-ness factor and significant wave steepness, the spectrum contains only significant wave height and period as parameters. For spectra given in this form, the computed peak frequencies coincide approximately wit