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Ayami Hayashi Keigo Akimoto Fuminori Sano Shunsuke Mori Toshimasa Tomoda 《Climatic change》2010,98(1-2):87-112
In order to estimate the benefit attributable to alleviating global warming for a kind of cost–benefit analysis of global warming mitigation, global warming impacts were quantitatively evaluated for a pathway of unmitigated CO2 emissions and three pathways to stabilize the atmospheric CO2 concentration at different levels, keeping unchanged the assumed conditions on population and GDP growths, although the GDP losses which will be caused due to the warming mitigation for the three stabilization pathways are taken into account. The evaluation results show that global warming will reduce the world total number of deaths caused by thermal stress owing to the large decrease in the cold-related deaths; it will increase the water stress in some regions, while it will decrease the stress in other regions; reductions in CO2 emissions will decrease the probability of THC collapse and terrestrial biodiversity loss; and it will enhance an increase in the wheat production potential. 相似文献
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Free-air anomalies in the western Pacific consist of the two groups of wavelengths 200–500 km and longer than 1,000 km. This
is the reason why the patterns of short wavelength geoidal undulation and those of free-air anomalies in the western Pacific
look alike with earch other. The gravity anomalies of shorter wavelengths can be explained by tectonics related with thickness
of the lithosphere. Positive free-air anomalies of longer wavelengths may be explained by relics of the subsided lithosphere. 相似文献
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S. Nagumo T. Ouchi J. Kasahara S. Koresawa Y. Tomoda K. Kobayashi A.S. Furumoto M.E. Odegard G.H. Sutton 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1981,53(1):93-102
Ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) long-range explosion experiments were carried out in the Mariana Basin in 1973 and 1976. Seven large shots (8.5–1.5 ton) as well as several tens of small shots were fired. The maximum range of observation was about 1900 km. As many as 25 OBS stations were deployed in an array of about 800 km. It is found that the sub-Moho P-wave velocity structure is of stratified nature, being composed of alternating high- and low-velocity layers. High-velocity layers with apparent velocities of 8.1, 8.2, 8.4, 8.6 and 8.7 km/s are identified. Low-velocity layers, sandwiched between the high-velocity layers of 8.4, 8.6 and 8.7 km/s, are very prominent. The sub-Moho high-velocity lid with an apparent velocity of 8.4 km/s is very thin. Thinning of this lid, thickening of the low-velocity layer, and the presence under it of another high-velocity layer (8.6 km/s) appear to characterize the uppermost mantle structure beneath the Mariana Basin. 相似文献
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