内蒙古克什克腾旗花岗岩石林的发现及成因

在内蒙克什克腾旗的北大山地区首次发现一种花岗岩形成的石林，钱方等命名为花岗岩石林。花岗岩石林是一种新型的地貌景观，石林主要分布在海拔1700m左右的一些山脊上，石林相对高5～20m，座座石峰，千姿百态，造型奇特，美不胜收。当地蒙古语称此石林为“阿斯哈图”，即险峻的岩石之意。花岗岩石林由燕山期花岗岩形成，水平节理和垂直节理发育，这些节理裂隙为花岗岩石林地貌形成奠定了基础。第四纪以来，大兴安岭地区发生过多次古冰川作用，形成了众多的冰川遗迹，如山脊上发育了由花岗岩构成的冰川遗迹一刃脊和角峰，这些冰川遗迹也就是花岗岩石林形成的雏形。同时，花岗岩受到冰川和流水侵蚀，特别是长期强烈的寒冻风化及风蚀等作用，在内、外动力综合作用下逐渐形成了现今独特的花岗岩石林。北大山花岗岩石林以其独特地质特征和观赏价值，而成为克什克腾世界地质公园的主要园区之一。     

陆陆碰撞与陆内俯冲:阿尔卑斯深地震反射剖面实地解释--第20届喜马拉雅-喀喇昆仑-西藏国际地学研讨会(HKTW)一瞥

Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop，简称HKTW，创办于1985年英国伦敦剑桥大学，至今为止已经举办了20届，主要是为研究青藏高原，或对青藏高原感兴趣的国际地学专家提供相互交流的舞台，让大家有机会展示科研成果，开展学术交流，共同探讨各自感兴趣的科学问题等。     

HYDRAULIC ANALYSES FOR A NEW BRIDGE OVER THE PARANA RIVER, ARGENTINA

1 INTRODUCTION The Parana River in South America ranks as the sixth largest in the world in terms of average discharge (22 x 103 m3/s according to Schumm and Winkley, 1994), and its Argentinean reach stretches from Puerto Iguazu on the north to the Rio de la Plata estuary in the south (Fig. 1). Its estimated average suspended load, bed load, and total load are 23 x 106, 2.2 x 106, and 25.2 x 106 metric tons per year, respectively (Paoli and Schreider, 2001.) The economic developmen…     

THE CASE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CO_2 IN CAVE ATMOSPHERE ON STABILITY OF SPELEOTHEM SCENERY IN YAOLIN CAVE, ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

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Marine debris ingestion in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, from the Western Mediterranean

Marine debris represents an important threat for sea turtles, but information on this topic is scarce in some areas, such as the Mediterranean sea. This paper quantifies marine debris ingestion in 54 juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) illegally captured by fishermen in Spanish Mediterranean waters. Curved carapace length was measured, necropsies were performed and debris abundance and type was recorded. Different types of debris appeared in the gastrointestinal tract of 43 turtles (79.6%), being plastics the most frequent (75.9%). Tar, paper, Styrofoam, wood, reed, feathers, hooks, lines, and net fragments were also present. A regression analysis showed that the volume of debris increased proportionally to the size of the turtles. The high variety of debris found and the large differences in ingestion among turtles indicated low feeding discrimination of this species that makes it specially prone to debris ingestion. Our data suggest that more severe control of litter spills and greater promotion of environmental educational programmes are needed in the Western Mediterranean.     

Impact of the herbicides 2,4-D and diuron on the metabolism of the coral Porites cylindrica

This study investigates the effects of two herbicides on the hermatypic coral Porites cylindrica. The herbicides tested were 2,4-D and diuron, since they are commonly used and have different toxic characteristics. Corals were exposed to 10 and 100 mg l(-1) 2,4-D, and to 10, 50 and 100 micro g(-l) diuron for 48 h respectively, and the effects were measured using an oxymeter and a diving PAM fluorometer. Coral gross primary production rate, gross primary production to respiration ratio and effective quantum yield were significantly reduced when exposed to 100 mg l(-1) 2,4-D while respiration seemed unaffected. All three concentrations of diuron caused a significant reduction in all measured parameters except respiration and maximum fluorescence yield, where a significant reduction was detected at 50 and 100 micro g(-1) diuron, respectively.     

Comparison of sampling devices for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in the sea surface microlayer

Over 30 sea surface microlayer (SML) samples from two contrasting sites in the North Western Mediterranean -- Barcelona (Spain) and Banyuls-sur-Mer (France) -- were collected using three different sampling devices, namely, glass plate, metal screen (MS) and a surface slick sampler (SS), and compared with the corresponding underlying water (16 samples). The distributions of 41 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) were determined in the different phases: particulate (1.17-10.8 SigmaPCB ng L(-1)), truly dissolved (0.080-16.7 SigmaPCB ng L(-1)) and colloidal matter (1.17-43.0 SigmaPCB ng L(-1)), being the last two estimated from the analysis of the apparently dissolved phase. Concentrations of PCBs in the SML were higher than those in the underlying water (ULW), giving rise to enrichment factors (EF=[C](SML)/[C](ULW)) up to first-order of magnitude. The ANOVA statistical approach was used to assess differences of bulk data (e.g. dissolved organic carbon, DOC; particulate organic carbon, POC; suspended particulate matter, SPM) among sampling devices, whilst p-tailed t paired tests were used in order to compare the enrichments obtained for each sampling date. In this respect, no significantly different enrichment factors were found among sampling devices (p < 0.05), although the surface SS showed lower enrichments, probably due to the dilution of the SML with the ULW during sampling. The MS seemed to be the most suitable device for the determination of PCBs in the SML in terms of sampling efficiency under a variety of meteorological conditions.     

三门峡地区的红粘土磁性地层及环境记录

位于黄土高原东南缘的三门峡红粘土地层，以陕县指望剖面为其典型代表。厚度为74．3m的指望剖面由上部厚34m的黄土地层和下伏厚40.3m的红粘土沉积组成，黄土为L24－L33的连续风尘沉积，下部红粘土为RS1－RS5的沉积。磁性地层研究显示：M／Ga界线位于33.8m处，黄土与红粘土界线之上20cm，Ga/Gi界线位于56.25m处的RS3中下部。该区红粘土近5Ma至2.6Ma的风尘沉积夹河湖相沉积。指望剖面的红粘土地层磁化率较黄土高原内部偏高，总体特征一致，说明近5Ma来东亚季风在区域演化上的一致性。     

预报瑞典南部雷暴的热力学指数

1.引言本文对瑞典气象和水文研究所(SMHI)使用的某些热力学指数作预报雷暴的有效性进行了研究,这些指数主要用于作有/无(Y/N)雷暴预报的指标,在瑞典新的预报系统中(PROMIS)也要求一种雷指数。在思路上,这种方法不仅是可做出有/无雷的预报,而且也可以得出闪电频率的指示,即     

第四纪冰川成因确认的新进展

冰川沉积物,尤其是第四纪冰川沉积物的成因鉴定一直存在争议,根据冰川沉积物的沉积学及地貌学特征来确定其是否冰川成因这一传统地质学方法,在中国东部受到了挑战。笔者利用砾石的声发射应力测量法(AE法)在冰川砾石中识别出与冰川作用直接相关的应力信息,从而对第四纪冰川沉积物的成因鉴定提供一种新的可靠方法。首先利用AE法对东昆仑山西大滩现代冰川砾石进行声发射应力测量,得到砾石的AE应力值,并将此值与砾石所承受的实际铅直应力计算值进行验证,发现二者吻合,证明冰川砾石是能够记忆上覆冰层所造成的应力。其次,在昆仑山垭口地区发育…